{"id":452,"date":"2026-10-27T05:39:22","date_gmt":"2026-10-27T05:39:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adesman.ro\/?p=452"},"modified":"2026-10-27T05:47:59","modified_gmt":"2026-10-27T05:47:59","slug":"due-diligence-proiect-fotovoltaic-bess","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adesman.ro\/ro\/due-diligence-proiect-fotovoltaic-bess\/","title":{"rendered":"Due diligence juridic la achizi\u021bia unui proiect fotovoltaic sau BESS \u00een Rom\u00e2nia: checklist, RTB \u0219i autorizarea CEISD"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un proiect fotovoltaic sau de stocare a energiei \u00een baterii (BESS) se achizi\u021bioneaz\u0103, de regul\u0103, \u00eenainte de construire. Investitorul pl\u0103te\u0219te pentru teren, drepturi, avize \u0219i capacitatea alocat\u0103 \u00een re\u021bea, iar pre\u021bul negociat are la baz\u0103 premisa c\u0103 toate acestea exist\u0103, sunt valabile \u0219i sunt coerente \u00eentre ele. Due diligence-ul juridic verific\u0103 tocmai aceast\u0103 premis\u0103: dac\u0103 proiectul poate fi construit, racordat \u0219i exploatat \u00een parametrii care au stat la baza formul\u0103rii ofertei de pre\u021b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen 2026, verificarea a devenit mai exigent\u0103. Din 25 mai 2026, se aplic\u0103 <a href=\"https:\/\/anre.ro\/comunicat-de-presa-anre-schimba-filosofia-racordarii-si-licentierii-garantia-pentru-racordare-creste-de-la-5-la-20-din-valoarea-tarifului-de-racordare-si-se-instituie-o-garantie-noua-pentru-partici\/\">reguli noi ale ANRE<\/a> privind racordarea \u0219i autorizarea capacit\u0103\u021bilor de producere \u0219i stocare (Ordinul ANRE nr. 15\/2026), din 25 august 2026 autorizarea construc\u021biilor este guvernat\u0103 de Codul amenaj\u0103rii teritoriului, urbanismului \u0219i construc\u021biilor (Legea nr. 169\/2026), iar pragul de examinare a investi\u021biilor str\u0103ine a fost majorat prin O.U.G. nr. 17\/2026. Pentru aspectele tehnice \u0219i de reglementare specifice stoc\u0103rii, pute\u021bi consulta \u0219i ghidul nostru despre <a href=\"https:\/\/adesman.ro\/ro\/proiecte-bess-romania\/\">proiecte BESS \u00een Rom\u00e2nia<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<aside class=\"tldr\" data-adesman aria-labelledby=\"tldr1\"><div class=\"tldr__head\"><p class=\"tldr__title\" id=\"tldr1\">Pe scurt<\/p><\/div><ul class=\"tldr__list\" role=\"list\"><li style=\"--i:0\"><svg class=\"tldr__tick\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M4.5 10.5l3.6 3.6L15.5 6\"\/><\/svg><span>Due diligence-ul juridic trebuie s\u0103 confirme c\u0103 proiectul poate fi construit, racordat \u0219i exploatat \u00een configura\u021bia prezentat\u0103 investitorului.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"--i:1\"><svg class=\"tldr__tick\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M4.5 10.5l3.6 3.6L15.5 6\"\/><\/svg><span>Din 25 mai 2026, Ordinul ANRE nr. 15\/2026 a majorat garan\u021bia pentru emiterea ATR de la 5% la 20% din valoarea f\u0103r\u0103 TVA a tarifului de racordare pentru capacit\u0103\u021bile cu o putere aprobat\u0103 total\u0103 pentru evacuare \u0219i\/sau pentru consum mai mare de 1 MW, iar Ordinul ANRE nr. 16\/2026 a introdus o garan\u021bie de 30 EUR\/kW drept condi\u021bie pentru ob\u021binerea autoriza\u021biei de \u00eenfiin\u021bare, ce trebuie s\u0103 fie men\u021binut\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la data emiterii procesului-verbal de recep\u021bie la terminarea lucr\u0103rilor de construire a centralei.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"--i:2\"><svg class=\"tldr__tick\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M4.5 10.5l3.6 3.6L15.5 6\"\/><\/svg><span>Contractele de racordare cu puterea aprobat\u0103 pentru evacuare mai mare de 1 MW aflate \u00een derulare la data intr\u0103rii \u00een vigoare a Ordinului ANRE nr. 15\/2026 trebuie s\u0103 fie urmate de ob\u021binerea autoriza\u021biei de \u00eenfiin\u021bare p\u00e2n\u0103 cel t\u00e2rziu la data de 25 mai 2027; \u00een caz contrar, ATR-ul \u00ee\u0219i \u00eenceteaz\u0103 valabilitatea, iar contractul de racordare \u00eenceteaz\u0103 de drept.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"--i:3\"><svg class=\"tldr__tick\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M4.5 10.5l3.6 3.6L15.5 6\"\/><\/svg><span>No\u021biunea de ready-to-build (RTB) nu are defini\u021bie legal\u0103. Ea trebuie definit\u0103 \u00een contract, prin lista exact\u0103 a documentelor \u0219i a condi\u021biilor pe care proiectul trebuie s\u0103 le \u00eendeplineasc\u0103.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"--i:4\"><svg class=\"tldr__tick\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M4.5 10.5l3.6 3.6L15.5 6\"\/><\/svg><span>Achizi\u021bia unui proiect energetic poate necesita autorizarea Comisiei pentru Examinarea Investi\u021biilor Str\u0103ine Directe, inclusiv pentru investitori din UE sau din Rom\u00e2nia, precum \u0219i, separat, poate necesita notificarea concentr\u0103rii economice, la Consiliul Concuren\u021bei, dac\u0103 sunt atinse pragurile legale.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/aside>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-ce-urmareste-due-diligence-ul-juridic-intr-o-tranzactie-energetica\">1. Ce urm\u0103re\u0219te due diligence-ul juridic \u00eentr-o tranzac\u021bie energetic\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Achizi\u021bia se poate realiza fie prin cump\u0103rarea p\u0103r\u021bilor sociale ale societ\u0103\u021bii-proiect (share deal) fie prin preluarea direct\u0103 a activelor: teren, drepturi, avize \u0219i contracte (asset deal). \u00cen primul caz, investitorul preia societatea cu tot istoricul ei, inclusiv datoriile \u0219i litigiile (dac\u0103 exist\u0103). \u00cen al doilea caz, trebuie verificat care drepturi \u0219i autoriza\u021bii pot fi transferate efectiv c\u0103tre cump\u0103r\u0103tor \u0219i \u00een ce condi\u021bii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Indiferent de structur\u0103, \u00eentrebarea central\u0103 este aceea\u0219i, \u0219i anume dac\u0103 documentele proiectului se sus\u021bin reciproc. Un ATR emis pentru o anumit\u0103 putere, o autoriza\u021bie de construire emis\u0103 pentru o alt\u0103 configura\u021bie \u0219i un drept de superficie care expir\u0103 \u00eenainte de sf\u00e2r\u0219itul exploat\u0103rii pot fi, fiecare privite separat, documente valabile. \u00cempreun\u0103, pot face proiectul imposibil de finan\u021bat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rezultatul analizei este raportul de due diligence, care identific\u0103 riscurile, le ierarhizeaz\u0103 \u0219i propune modul \u00een care acestea s\u0103 fie tratate \u00een cuprinsul contractului ce urmeaz\u0103 s\u0103 fie \u00eencheiat: condi\u021bii suspensive, ajust\u0103ri de pre\u021b, declara\u021bii \u0219i garan\u021bii sau desp\u0103gubiri specifice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-checklist-de-due-diligence-juridic-pentru-proiecte-fotovoltaice-si-bess\">2. Checklist de due diligence juridic pentru proiecte fotovoltaice \u0219i BESS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"societatea-proiect-spv\">Societatea-proiect (SPV)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>actul constitutiv, structura ac\u021bionariatului \u0219i beneficiarul real;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sarcinile asupra p\u0103r\u021bilor sociale \u0219i asupra bunurilor societ\u0103\u021bii (gajuri, ipoteci, sechestre);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>contractele \u00een curs, angajamentele asumate fa\u021b\u0103 de dezvoltator sau fa\u021b\u0103 de ter\u021bi \u0219i clauzele de schimbare a controlului;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>situa\u021bia fiscal\u0103, inclusiv impozitul pe construc\u021biile speciale, datorat pentru anul 2026, ultimul an de aplicare \u00eenainte de abrogarea din 2027;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>litigiile \u0219i procedurile administrative.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"terenul\">Terenul<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Investitorul trebuie s\u0103 verifice titlul asupra terenului (proprietate, superficie, concesiune sau alt drept real), \u00eenscrierea lui \u00een cartea funciar\u0103 \u0219i durata pentru care a fost constituit dreptul. Dreptul trebuie s\u0103 acopere \u00eentreaga perioad\u0103 de construire, exploatare \u0219i dezafectare, precum \u0219i accesul \u0219i traseul liniilor de racordare, prin servitu\u021bi sau alte drepturi opozabile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru terenurile agricole situate \u00een extravilan, art. 92 alin. (2) lit. j) din Legea fondului funciar nr. 18\/1991 permite amplasarea capacit\u0103\u021bilor de producere din surse regenerabile \u0219i a unit\u0103\u021bilor de stocare a energiei electrice, pe o suprafa\u021b\u0103 de maximum 50 ha. Totodat\u0103, trebuie verificate \u0219i categoria de folosin\u021b\u0103, clasa de calitate a terenului \u0219i procedura de scoatere din circuitul agricol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dreptul asupra terenului conteaz\u0103 \u0219i pentru racordare: potrivit regulilor ANRE, existen\u021ba \u0219i \u00eentinderea acestuia trebuie dovedite la depunerea cererii de racordare, iar dreptul trebuie s\u0103 fie valabil cel pu\u021bin p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul anului \u00een care este prev\u0103zut\u0103 punerea \u00een func\u021biune final\u0103 a instala\u021biei de utilizare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"urbanismul-si-autorizatia-de-construire\">Urbanismul \u0219i autoriza\u021bia de construire<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Din 25 august 2026, autorizarea construc\u021biilor este reglementat\u0103 de Codul amenaj\u0103rii teritoriului, urbanismului \u0219i construc\u021biilor (Legea nr. 169\/2026), care a \u00eenlocuit Legea nr. 50\/1991 \u0219i Legea nr. 350\/2001. Procedurile \u00eencepute \u00eenainte de aceast\u0103 dat\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n, ca regul\u0103, guvernate de legea veche, iar certificatele de urbanism \u0219i autoriza\u021biile emise anterior \u00ee\u0219i p\u0103streaz\u0103 valabilitatea. Pentru fiecare proiect trebuie stabilit, a\u0219adar, regimul aplicabil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se verific\u0103 certificatul de urbanism, documenta\u021bia de urbanism pe care se sprijin\u0103 proiectul, avizele \u0219i acordurile cerute, autoriza\u021bia de construire \u0219i termenul ei de valabilitate. Separat, trebuie analizat riscul de contestare: autoriza\u021bia de construire poate fi atacat\u0103 \u00een contencios administrativ de orice persoan\u0103 care se consider\u0103 v\u0103t\u0103mat\u0103 (aspect confirmat \u0219i de Decizia Cur\u021bii Constitu\u021bionale nr. 643\/2024). Pentru ter\u021bi, termenele curg de la data lu\u0103rii la cuno\u0219tin\u021b\u0103 a autoriza\u021biei, motiv pentru care data efectu\u0103rii publicit\u0103\u021bii acesteia, prin mijloacele enumerate de lege, trebuie atent documentat\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"racordarea-la-retea-si-garantiile\">Racordarea la re\u021bea \u0219i garan\u021biile<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se verific\u0103 avizul tehnic de racordare (ATR), contractul de racordare, puterea aprobat\u0103, punctul de racordare, nivelul de tensiune, lucr\u0103rile de \u00eent\u0103rire a re\u021belei \u0219i termenele de realizare. Pentru un BESS, ATR-ul trebuie s\u0103 prevad\u0103 at\u00e2t puterea aprobat\u0103 pentru absorb\u021bia din re\u021bea, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru injec\u021bia \u00een re\u021bea (evacuare).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prin Ordinul ANRE nr. 15\/2026, \u00een vigoare de la 25 mai 2026, garan\u021bia financiar\u0103 pentru emiterea ATR pentru locurile de producere sau mixte cu putere aprobat\u0103 de peste 1 MW a fost majorat\u0103 de la 5% la 20% din tariful de racordare f\u0103r\u0103 TVA. Garan\u021bia se execut\u0103 dac\u0103 proiectul nu avanseaz\u0103 \u00een termenele prev\u0103zute. Raportul de due diligence trebuie s\u0103 arate dac\u0103 garan\u021biile au fost constituite, \u00een ce cuantum, cine le suport\u0103 dup\u0103 \u00eenchiderea tranzac\u021biei \u0219i \u00een ce situa\u021bii pot fi executate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cencetarea contractului de racordare, indiferent de motiv, atrage \u00eencetarea ATR-ului. De aceea, orice termen ratat \u00een procedura de racordare sau de autorizare trebuie tratat ca risc major pentru valoarea proiectului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"autorizarea-si-licentierea-anre\">Autorizarea \u0219i licen\u021bierea ANRE<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru capacit\u0103\u021bile de producere \u0219i instala\u021biile de stocare cu o putere de peste 1 MW este necesar\u0103 ob\u021binerea unei autoriza\u021bii de \u00eenfiin\u021bare, de la ANRE. Ordinul ANRE nr. 16\/2026 a introdus pentru cererile depuse dup\u0103 25 mai 2026 o garan\u021bie de 30 EUR\/kW, raportat\u0103 la puterea instalat\u0103 din ATR, care r\u0103m\u00e2ne valabil\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la recep\u021bia final\u0103 a lucr\u0103rilor. Sunt scuti\u021bi, \u00eentre al\u021bii, solicitan\u021bii care fac dovada constituirii garan\u021biei de bun\u0103 execu\u021bie \u00een cadrul unui contract pentru diferen\u021b\u0103 (CfD).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Autoriza\u021bia de \u00eenfiin\u021bare trebuie ob\u021binut\u0103 \u00eenainte de \u00eencheierea contractului de execu\u021bie a instala\u021biei de racordare, dar nu mai t\u00e2rziu de 12 luni de la \u00eencheierea contractului de racordare \u0219i cel mult 18 luni de la emiterea ATR-ului, cu posibilitate de prelungire pentru \u00eent\u00e2rzieri neimputabile. Pentru contractele de racordare existente, termenul tranzitoriu este 25 mai 2027. Nerespectarea termenelor duce la \u00eencetarea valabilit\u0103\u021bii ATR-ului \u0219i la \u00eencetarea de drept a contractului de racordare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Exploatarea comercial\u0103 necesit\u0103, ca regul\u0103, licen\u021b\u0103 ANRE. Un BESS ad\u0103ugat unei capacit\u0103\u021bi de producere se include \u00een licen\u021ba acesteia, \u00een timp ce un BESS independent are nevoie de licen\u021b\u0103 proprie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mediul-si-securitatea-la-incendiu\">Mediul \u0219i securitatea la incendiu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Actul emis de autoritatea de mediu trebuie s\u0103 corespund\u0103 configura\u021biei actuale a proiectului. Condi\u021biile impuse (monitorizare, colectarea apelor, limite de zgomot) se reflect\u0103 \u00een costuri \u0219i \u00een calendar. Pentru BESS, cerin\u021bele de securitate la incendiu privind tehnologia bateriilor, distan\u021bele de siguran\u021b\u0103 \u0219i c\u0103ile de interven\u021bie pot limita suprafa\u021ba utilizabil\u0103 \u0219i, implicit, capacitatea instalabil\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"contractele-proiectului\">Contractele proiectului<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se analizeaz\u0103 contractul EPC, contractele de furnizare a echipamentelor, contractul de operare \u0219i mentenan\u021b\u0103 (O&amp;M), contractele de v\u00e2nzare a energiei (PPA) \u0219i, dup\u0103 caz, contractul pentru diferen\u021b\u0103 (CfD). Aten\u021bia principal\u0103 se \u00eendreapt\u0103 spre clauzele de schimbare a controlului, spre consim\u021b\u0103mintele necesare pentru cesiune \u0219i spre garan\u021biile pe care contrapartea le poate executa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"litigii-si-contestatii\">Litigii \u0219i contesta\u021bii<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se verific\u0103 litigiile \u00een curs privind terenul, autoriza\u021biile sau contractele, contesta\u021biile administrative \u00eempotriva actelor de urbanism \u0219i de mediu, precum \u0219i eventualele proceduri ANRE. Finan\u021batorii cer, de regul\u0103, confirmarea c\u0103 termenele de contestare au expirat sau c\u0103 nu exist\u0103 litigii care s\u0103 afecteze proiectul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"adesman-cta-lead wp-block-paragraph\">Evalua\u021bi achizi\u021bia unui proiect fotovoltaic sau BESS? Verific\u0103m documentele proiectului \u0219i v\u0103 spunem ce riscuri trebuie acoperite \u00een contract \u00eenainte de semnare.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"cta-line\"><a class=\"btn\" href=\"https:\/\/adesman.ro\/ro\/contact\/\"><span class=\"btn__label\">Programa\u021bi o discu\u021bie<\/span><span class=\"btn__icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M5 12h13M13 6l6 6-6 6\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-ready-to-build-de-ce-trebuie-definit-in-contract\">3. Ready-to-build: de ce trebuie definit \u00een contract<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen practica tranzac\u021bional\u0103, un proiect este considerat preg\u0103tit pentru construc\u021bie (ready-to-build \/ RTB) atunci c\u00e2nd dispune de toate drepturile, avizele \u0219i autoriza\u021biile necesare \u00eenceperii lucr\u0103rilor. No\u021biunea nu are \u00eens\u0103 o defini\u021bie legal\u0103, iar \u00een tranzac\u021bii este folosit\u0103 cu sensuri diferite. Divergen\u021ba de opinie apare, de regul\u0103, abia la momentul pl\u0103\u021bii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De aceea, contractul de achizi\u021bie trebuie s\u0103 enumere concret documentele \u0219i condi\u021biile care formeaz\u0103 stadiul RTB: drepturile asupra terenului \u00eenscrise \u00een cartea funciar\u0103 \u0219i \u00eencheiate pentru o perioad\u0103 suficient\u0103 care s\u0103 acopere construirea, exploatarea \u0219i dezafectarea proiectului, autoriza\u021bia de construire \u00een termen de valabilitate, ATR-ul \u0219i contractul de racordare \u00een vigoare, av\u00e2nd constituite garan\u021biile aferente, autoriza\u021bia de \u00eenfiin\u021bare emis\u0103 de ANRE, actul administrativ al autorit\u0103\u021bii de mediu, avizele de securitate la incendiu, dup\u0103 caz. Fiecare document trebuie verificat \u00een raport cu configura\u021bia care va fi efectiv construit\u0103. Un set complet de documente care descriu configura\u021bii diferite nu echivaleaz\u0103 cu un proiect RTB.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e2nd proiectul este cump\u0103rat \u00eenainte de atingerea stadiului RTB, pre\u021bul se structureaz\u0103, de regul\u0103, \u00een tran\u0219e condi\u021bionate de atingerea unor etape (milestones). Contractul trebuie s\u0103 stabileasc\u0103 cel pu\u021bin 3 aspecte:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 dac\u0103 o etap\u0103 nu este atins\u0103 la termen (spre exemplu: ajustarea pre\u021bului, dreptul de rezolu\u021biune),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>data-limit\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la care condi\u021biile suspensive pot fi \u00eendeplinite (long-stop date) \u0219i<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>cine suport\u0103 riscul execut\u0103rii garan\u021biilor \u00eentre momentul semn\u0103rii \u0219i \u00eenchiderea tranzac\u021biei.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Riscurile identificate \u00een due diligence se trateaz\u0103 diferit, \u00een func\u021bie de natura lor. Un document lips\u0103 sau neconform devine condi\u021bie suspensiv\u0103. Un risc cuantificabil, cum ar fi o garan\u021bie de racordare care poate fi executat\u0103, poate justifica o ajustare de pre\u021b sau o desp\u0103gubire specific\u0103. Riscurile generale sunt acoperite prin declara\u021bii \u0219i garan\u021bii ale v\u00e2nz\u0103torului, \u00eenso\u021bite de limit\u0103rile de r\u0103spundere negociate, de la caz la caz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-autorizarile-necesare-tranzactiei-ceisd-si-concurenta\">4. Autoriz\u0103rile necesare tranzac\u021biei: CEISD \u0219i concuren\u021ba<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Autorizarea proiectului \u0219i autorizarea investi\u021biei sunt chestiuni juridice distincte, cu autorit\u0103\u021bi implicate, condi\u021bii \u0219i consecin\u021be diferite. Un ATR, o autoriza\u021bie de construire sau o autoriza\u021bie ANRE nu \u00eenlocuiesc autorizarea investi\u021biei, atunci c\u00e2nd aceasta este obligatorie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Potrivit O.U.G. nr. 46\/2022, modificat\u0103 prin O.U.G. nr. 17\/2026, pragul general de examinare a investi\u021biilor este de 5 milioane EUR. Regimul se aplic\u0103 \u0219i investitorilor din Uniunea European\u0103, inclusiv persoanelor juridice cu sediul \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, iar energia \u0219i infrastructura energetic\u0103 se num\u0103r\u0103 printre domeniile vizate. Achizi\u021bia direct\u0103 a activelor unui proiect poate declan\u0219a, de asemenea, obliga\u021bia de autorizare, \u00eentruc\u00e2t stocarea energiei \u0219i infrastructura critic\u0103 energetic\u0103 se num\u0103r\u0103 printre sectoarele sensibile \u00een care regimul se extinde \u0219i asupra activelor. Opera\u021biunile interdependente realizate de acela\u0219i investitor \u00eentr-o perioad\u0103 de 12 luni se cumuleaz\u0103, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t major\u0103rile de capital \u0219i finan\u021barea construc\u021biei trebuie luate \u00een calcul de la \u00eenceput. Investi\u021biile sub prag pot fi \u0219i ele examinate dac\u0103 sunt susceptibile s\u0103 afecteze securitatea sau ordinea public\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Investi\u021bia nu poate fi implementat\u0103 \u00eenainte de ob\u021binerea autoriz\u0103rii, iar nerespectarea acestei obliga\u021bii poate atrage amenzi de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 10% din cifra de afaceri global\u0103, precum \u0219i anularea investi\u021biei. C\u00e2nd autorizarea este necesar\u0103, ea se prevede ca o condi\u021bie suspensiv\u0103 a \u00eenchiderii tranzac\u021biei. Detaliile procedurii sunt explicate \u00een articolul nostru despre <a href=\"https:\/\/adesman.ro\/ro\/autorizare-investitii-straine-romania\/\">autorizarea CEISD a investi\u021biilor str\u0103ine<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Independent de examinarea investi\u021biei, tranzac\u021bia poate constitui o concentrare economic\u0103 ce trebuie notificat\u0103 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.consiliulconcurentei.ro\/\">Consiliului Concuren\u021bei<\/a> \u00eenainte de implementare. Potrivit noului Regulament privind concentr\u0103rile economice, aprobat prin Ordinul pre\u0219edintelui Consiliului Concuren\u021bei nr. 2.192\/2026, \u00een vigoare din 1 octombrie 2026, notificarea este obligatorie c\u00e2nd cifra de afaceri cumulat\u0103 a \u00eentreprinderilor implicate dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te echivalentul a 10 milioane EUR, iar cel pu\u021bin dou\u0103 dintre ele au realizat fiecare \u00een Rom\u00e2nia o cifr\u0103 de afaceri de peste 4 milioane EUR.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"5-ce-difera-intre-un-proiect-fotovoltaic-si-un-proiect-bess\">5. Ce difer\u0103 \u00eentre un proiect fotovoltaic \u0219i un proiect BESS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen cazul unui parc fotovoltaic, riscurile juridice se concentreaz\u0103, de regul\u0103, asupra terenului, a suprafe\u021bei ocupate \u0219i asupra puterii aprobate pentru evacuare. Pentru un proiect BESS, analiza trebuie s\u0103 acopere \u00een plus regimul bidirec\u021bional al racord\u0103rii, cerin\u021bele de securitate la incendiu specifice bateriilor \u0219i diferen\u021ba dintre puterea instalat\u0103 (MW), capacitatea de stocare exprimat\u0103 \u00een MWh \u0219i puterea care poate fi efectiv valorificat\u0103 comercial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un BESS ad\u0103ugat unui parc existent (co-locat) folose\u0219te terenul, sta\u021bia de transformare \u0219i punctul de racordare ale acestuia. \u00cen acest caz, due diligence-ul trebuie s\u0103 verifice dac\u0103 ad\u0103ugarea stoc\u0103rii este compatibil\u0103 cu ATR-ul, cu autoriza\u021biile \u0219i cu licen\u021ba existente sau dac\u0103 acestea trebuie actualizate:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ATR-ul \u0219i contractul de racordare, mai ales dac\u0103 stocarea presupune un spor de putere sau absorb\u021bie din re\u021bea. Pentru instala\u021biile de stocare de cel pu\u021bin 5 MW ad\u0103ugate la un loc de producere existent, alocarea capacit\u0103\u021bii de re\u021bea se face potrivit metodologiei ANRE bazate pe licita\u021bie;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>autoriza\u021bia de construire \u0219i actul de mediu, \u00eentruc\u00e2t configura\u021bia amplasamentului se modific\u0103;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>autoriza\u021bia de \u00eenfiin\u021bare \u0219i licen\u021ba ANRE: titularul trebuie s\u0103 solicite modificarea licen\u021bei capacit\u0103\u021bii de producere, pentru a include instala\u021bia de stocare \u0219i activitatea desf\u0103\u0219urat\u0103 cu aceasta;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>drepturile asupra terenului \u0219i contractele proiectului (EPC, O&amp;M, PPA, finan\u021bare), care pot con\u021bine restric\u021bii privind modificarea configura\u021biei.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"concluzii\">Concluzii<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Valoarea unui proiect energetic achizi\u021bionat \u00een faza de dezvoltare este determinat\u0103 de m\u0103sura \u00een care documentele sale permit construirea, racordarea \u0219i exploatarea. \u00cen 2026, regulile noi privind garan\u021biile financiare, termenele de autorizare \u0219i \u00eencetarea de drept a ATR-ului au transformat calendarul proiectului \u00eentr-o component\u0103 direct\u0103 a pre\u021bului. Verificarea acestor termene, definirea contractual\u0103 a stadiului RTB \u0219i integrarea autoriz\u0103rilor CEISD \u0219i de concuren\u021b\u0103 \u00een calendarul tranzac\u021biei trebuie realizate \u00eenainte de semnare, c\u00e2nd riscurile pot fi \u00eenc\u0103 negociate. Dup\u0103 semnare, op\u021biunile cump\u0103r\u0103torului se reduc la mecanismele de protec\u021bie pe care le-a negociat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"intrebari-frecvente\">\u00centreb\u0103ri frecvente<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ce-verifica-due-diligence-ul-juridic-la-achizitia-unui-parc-fotovoltaic\">Ce verific\u0103 due diligence-ul juridic la achizi\u021bia unui parc fotovoltaic?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Analiza acoper\u0103 societatea-proiect, drepturile asupra terenului, documenta\u021bia de urbanism \u0219i autoriza\u021bia de construire, ATR-ul \u0219i contractul de racordare, garan\u021biile constituite, autoriza\u021bia de \u00eenfiin\u021bare \u0219i licen\u021ba ANRE, documentele emise de autoritatea de mediu, contractele proiectului \u0219i eventualele litigii. Scopul este s\u0103 se stabileasc\u0103 dac\u0103 proiectul poate fi construit, racordat \u0219i exploatat \u00een configura\u021bia prezentat\u0103 investitorului \u0219i dac\u0103 documentele sale sunt coerente \u00eentre ele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ce-s-a-schimbat-in-2026-pentru-proiectele-aflate-in-dezvoltare\">Ce s-a schimbat \u00een 2026 pentru proiectele aflate \u00een dezvoltare?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Din 25 mai 2026, garan\u021bia pentru emiterea ATR a crescut de la 5% la 20% din tariful de racordare f\u0103r\u0103 TVA, pentru locurile de producere sau de consum \u0219i producere cu o putere aprobat\u0103 de peste 1 MW, iar pentru ob\u021binerea autoriza\u021biei de \u00eenfiin\u021bare se constituie o garan\u021bie de 30 EUR\/kW, valabil\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la recep\u021bia lucr\u0103rilor. Contractele de racordare existente trebuie urmate de ob\u021binerea autoriza\u021biei de \u00eenfiin\u021bare p\u00e2n\u0103 la 25 mai 2027, altfel acestea \u00eenceteaz\u0103 de drept, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu ATR-ul. De la 25 august 2026, cererile noi de autorizare a construc\u021biilor sunt guvernate de Codul amenaj\u0103rii teritoriului, urbanismului \u0219i construc\u021biilor (Legea nr. 169\/2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ce-inseamna-ready-to-build\">Ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 ready-to-build?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Stadiul \u00een care proiectul dispune de toate drepturile, avizele \u0219i autoriza\u021biile necesare \u00eenceperii construc\u021biei. Pentru c\u0103 legea nu define\u0219te no\u021biunea, contractul de achizi\u021bie trebuie s\u0103 enumere documentele \u0219i condi\u021biile concrete care formeaz\u0103 acest stadiu \u0219i s\u0103 le raporteze la configura\u021bia care urmeaz\u0103 a fi construit\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"poate-fi-amplasat-un-proiect-fotovoltaic-sau-bess-pe-teren-agricol\">Poate fi amplasat un proiect fotovoltaic sau BESS pe teren agricol?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Da, \u00een anumite condi\u021bii. Legea fondului funciar nr. 18\/1991 permite amplasarea capacit\u0103\u021bilor de producere din surse regenerabile \u0219i a unit\u0103\u021bilor de stocare a energiei electrice pe terenuri agricole din extravilan, \u00een limita a 50 ha. Due diligence-ul verific\u0103 categoria de folosin\u021b\u0103, clasa de calitate a terenului \u0219i procedura de scoatere din circuitul agricol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"este-necesara-autorizarea-ceisd-pentru-achizitia-unui-proiect-bess\">Este necesar\u0103 autorizarea CEISD pentru achizi\u021bia unui proiect BESS?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen multe cazuri, da. Energia \u0219i infrastructura energetic\u0103 sunt domenii vizate. Pragul general de examinare este de 5 milioane EUR, iar regimul se aplic\u0103 \u0219i investitorilor din UE \u0219i din Rom\u00e2nia. Stocarea energiei \u0219i infrastructura critic\u0103 energetic\u0103 se num\u0103r\u0103 printre sectoarele \u00een care \u0219i achizi\u021bia direct\u0103 de active intr\u0103 sub inciden\u021ba regimului. R\u0103spunsul concret depinde de structura tranzac\u021biei, de valoarea total\u0103 a investi\u021biei \u0219i de identitatea investitorului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cat-dureaza-un-due-diligence-juridic-pentru-un-proiect-energetic\">C\u00e2t dureaz\u0103 un due diligence juridic pentru un proiect energetic?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Durata depinde de stadiul de dezvoltare al proiectului, de num\u0103rul de proiecte analizate \u0219i, mai ales, de calitatea \u0219i completitudinea camerei de date (data room \/ VDR). Pentru un proiect fotovoltaic sau BESS, cu documenta\u021bia organizat\u0103 corect \u0219i complet \u00een fi\u0219iere distincte, \u00een func\u021bie de categorie, analiza se finalizeaz\u0103 de regul\u0103 \u00een dou\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la patru s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni de la accesul la documente. Pentru portofolii de proiecte, pentru proiecte cu un istoric complex al terenurilor sau atunci c\u00e2nd documentele sunt incomplete, durata poate ajunge la \u0219ase-opt s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Calendarul se prelunge\u0219te, de obicei, din cauza unor factori externi analizei propriu-zise: documente lips\u0103 care trebuie solicitate v\u00e2nz\u0103torului, extrase de carte funciar\u0103 sau informa\u021bii de la operatorul de re\u021bea \u0219i de la autorit\u0103\u021bi, precum \u0219i clarific\u0103rile privind configura\u021bia tehnic\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Durata due diligence-ului nu include ob\u021binerea autoriz\u0103rilor necesare tranzac\u021biei. Examinarea CEISD \u0219i, dup\u0103 caz, notificarea concentr\u0103rii economice se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 dup\u0103 semnare, cu termene proprii. Ele trebuie integrate de la \u00eenceput \u00een calendarul tranzac\u021biei \u0219i \u00een data-limit\u0103 pentru \u00eendeplinirea condi\u021biilor suspensive (long-stop date).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cine-suporta-garantiile-de-racordare-dupa-vanzarea-proiectului\">Cine suport\u0103 garan\u021biile de racordare dup\u0103 v\u00e2nzarea proiectului?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Garan\u021biile r\u0103m\u00e2n, de regul\u0103, \u00een sarcina societ\u0103\u021bii-proiect. Contractul de achizi\u021bie trebuie s\u0103 stabileasc\u0103 dac\u0103 pre\u021bul le include, cine le \u00eenlocuie\u0219te la \u00eenchiderea tranzac\u021biei \u0219i cine suport\u0103 o eventual\u0103 executare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Adesman &amp; Asocia\u021bii asist\u0103 investitori \u0219i dezvoltatori \u00een due diligence, structurarea \u0219i negocierea tranzac\u021biilor privind proiecte fotovoltaice, eoliene \u0219i BESS din Rom\u00e2nia. Afla\u021bi mai multe despre practica noastr\u0103 de <a href=\"https:\/\/adesman.ro\/ro\/dreptul-energiei\/\">dreptul energiei<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"adesman-cta-lead wp-block-paragraph\">Preg\u0103ti\u021bi achizi\u021bia sau v\u00e2nzarea unui proiect energetic? Discuta\u021bi cu echipa noastr\u0103 despre due diligence \u0219i documenta\u021bia tranzac\u021biei.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"cta-line\"><a class=\"btn\" href=\"https:\/\/adesman.ro\/ro\/contact\/\"><span class=\"btn__label\">Contacta\u021bi-ne<\/span><span class=\"btn__icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M5 12h13M13 6l6 6-6 6\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Materialul are caracter exclusiv informativ \u0219i general \u0219i nu reprezint\u0103 consultan\u021b\u0103 juridic\u0103 cu privire la un anumit proiect sau o anumit\u0103 tranzac\u021bie. Regimul juridic aplicabil trebuie analizat \u00een func\u021bie de caracteristicile concrete ale fiec\u0103rui proiect \u0219i de legisla\u021bia \u00een vigoare la data analizei.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Un proiect fotovoltaic sau de stocare a energiei \u00een baterii (BESS) se achizi\u021bioneaz\u0103, de regul\u0103, \u00eenainte de construire. Investitorul pl\u0103te\u0219te pentru teren, drepturi, avize \u0219i capacitatea alocat\u0103 \u00een [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":453,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[39,50,43,40,45,46,41],"class_list":["post-452","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energie","tag-bess","tag-ceisd","tag-due-diligence","tag-energie-regenerabila","tag-investitii-energetice","tag-racordare-la-retea","tag-stocarea-energiei"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Due diligence juridic proiect fotovoltaic \u0219i BESS | Ghid 2026<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Due diligence juridic proiect fotovoltaic sau BESS: teren, ATR, garan\u021biile ANRE din 2026, ready-to-build, CEISD \u0219i Consiliul Concuren\u021bei.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adesman.ro\/ro\/due-diligence-proiect-fotovoltaic-bess\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Due diligence juridic proiect fotovoltaic \u0219i BESS | Ghid 2026\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Due diligence juridic proiect fotovoltaic sau BESS: teren, ATR, garan\u021biile ANRE din 2026, ready-to-build, CEISD \u0219i Consiliul Concuren\u021bei.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/adesman.ro\/ro\/due-diligence-proiect-fotovoltaic-bess\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Adesman &amp; 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