{"id":449,"date":"2026-10-26T05:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-10-26T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adesman.ro\/?p=449"},"modified":"2026-10-21T15:46:02","modified_gmt":"2026-10-21T15:46:02","slug":"executare-hotarari-straine-romania","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adesman.ro\/ro\/executare-hotarari-straine-romania\/","title":{"rendered":"Recunoa\u0219terea \u0219i executarea hot\u0103r\u00e2rilor str\u0103ine \u00een Rom\u00e2nia: proceduri, termene \u0219i documente"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ob\u021binerea unei hot\u0103r\u00e2ri judec\u0103tore\u0219ti favorabile \u00een str\u0103in\u0103tate nu garanteaz\u0103, prin ea \u00eens\u0103\u0219i, recuperarea unei crean\u021be de la un debitor care are bunuri \u00een Rom\u00e2nia. Pentru ca hot\u0103r\u00e2rea s\u0103 produc\u0103 efecte aici \u0219i s\u0103 poat\u0103 sta la baza execut\u0103rii silite, trebuie \u00eendeplinite anumite condi\u021bii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Procedura aplicabil\u0103 difer\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de statul \u00een care a fost pronun\u021bat\u0103 hot\u0103r\u00e2rea \u0219i de normele europene sau interna\u021bionale incidente. Hot\u0103r\u00e2rile din statele membre ale Uniunii Europene beneficiaz\u0103, \u00een general, de un regim simplificat de executare, \u00een timp ce pentru cele pronun\u021bate \u00een afara acestui spa\u021biu poate fi necesar\u0103 recunoa\u0219terea hot\u0103r\u00e2rii sau \u00eencuviin\u021barea execut\u0103rii de c\u0103tre instan\u021bele rom\u00e2ne. \u00cen cazul hot\u0103r\u00e2rilor din Marea Britanie, stabilirea procedurii presupune \u0219i analizarea datei \u00eenceperii procesului, precum \u0219i a conven\u021biilor interna\u021bionale aplicabile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<aside class=\"tldr\" data-adesman aria-labelledby=\"tldr1\"><div class=\"tldr__head\"><p class=\"tldr__title\" id=\"tldr1\">Pe scurt<\/p><\/div><ul class=\"tldr__list\" role=\"list\"><li style=\"--i:0\"><svg class=\"tldr__tick\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M4.5 10.5l3.6 3.6L15.5 6\"\/><\/svg><span>Hot\u0103r\u00e2rile din statele membre UE se execut\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 exequatur, pe baza certificatului prev\u0103zut de Regulamentul Bruxelles I bis.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"--i:1\"><svg class=\"tldr__tick\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M4.5 10.5l3.6 3.6L15.5 6\"\/><\/svg><span>Hot\u0103r\u00e2rile din Elve\u021bia, Norvegia \u0219i Islanda au nevoie de o declara\u021bie de executorialitate, potrivit Conven\u021biei de la Lugano.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"--i:2\"><svg class=\"tldr__tick\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M4.5 10.5l3.6 3.6L15.5 6\"\/><\/svg><span>Pentru Marea Britanie conteaz\u0103 data \u00eenceperii procesului: dup\u0103 1 iulie 2025 se aplic\u0103 Conven\u021bia de la Haga din 2019.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"--i:3\"><svg class=\"tldr__tick\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M4.5 10.5l3.6 3.6L15.5 6\"\/><\/svg><span>Hot\u0103r\u00e2rile din restul lumii se execut\u0103 numai dup\u0103 \u00eencuviin\u021barea tribunalului rom\u00e2n (exequatur), potrivit Codului de procedur\u0103 civil\u0103 sau tratatului bilateral aplicabil.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"--i:4\"><svg class=\"tldr__tick\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M4.5 10.5l3.6 3.6L15.5 6\"\/><\/svg><span>Instan\u021ba rom\u00e2n\u0103 nu rejudec\u0103 fondul litigiului; verific\u0103 doar condi\u021biile prev\u0103zute de lege.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"--i:5\"><svg class=\"tldr__tick\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M4.5 10.5l3.6 3.6L15.5 6\"\/><\/svg><span>Hot\u0103r\u00e2rile str\u0103ine prin care s-au luat m\u0103suri asigur\u0103torii sau cu executare provizorie nu pot fi executate pe calea exequaturului.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/aside>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-recunoastere-sau-executare-care-e-diferenta\">1. Recunoa\u0219tere sau executare: care e diferen\u021ba?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Atunci c\u00e2nd o persoan\u0103 fizic\u0103 sau juridic\u0103 ob\u021bine o hot\u0103r\u00e2re favorabil\u0103 \u00eempotriva unui debitor din Rom\u00e2nia, primul pas este s\u0103 stabileasc\u0103 ce demersuri sunt necesare pentru ca hot\u0103r\u00e2rea s\u0103 produc\u0103 efecte \u0219i pentru a recupera crean\u021ba. \u00cen func\u021bie de scopul urm\u0103rit, trebuie f\u0103cut\u0103 distinc\u021bia \u00eentre recunoa\u0219terea hot\u0103r\u00e2rii str\u0103ine \u0219i executarea sa silit\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Recunoa\u0219terea<\/strong> permite unei hot\u0103r\u00e2ri pronun\u021bate \u00een str\u0103in\u0103tate s\u0103 produc\u0103 efecte juridice \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, inclusiv autoritatea de lucru judecat, \u00een condi\u021biile legii. Aceasta poate fi solicitat\u0103 printr-o cerere distinct\u0103 sau invocat\u0103 \u00een cadrul unui proces aflat pe rolul unei instan\u021be rom\u00e2ne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Executarea<\/strong> urm\u0103re\u0219te realizarea efectiv\u0103 a obliga\u021biilor stabilite prin hot\u0103r\u00e2re. Dac\u0103 debitorul nu \u00ee\u0219i execut\u0103 obliga\u021biile de bun\u0103voie, creditorul poate recurge, \u00een condi\u021biile legii, la m\u0103suri precum poprirea conturilor bancare, urm\u0103rirea bunurilor mobile sau imobile ori valorificarea altor active ale debitorului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cele dou\u0103 demersuri sunt str\u00e2ns legate, dar nu se confund\u0103. Procedura aplicabil\u0103 depinde de statul \u00een care a fost pronun\u021bat\u0103 hot\u0103r\u00e2rea \u0219i de normele care reglementeaz\u0103 recunoa\u0219terea \u0219i executarea acesteia \u00een Rom\u00e2nia. De aceea, \u00eenainte de a \u00eencepe demersurile pentru recuperarea crean\u021bei, este important s\u0103 fie identificat regimul juridic aplicabil hot\u0103r\u00e2rii respective.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-hotararile-din-uniunea-europeana-executare-fara-exequatur\">2. Hot\u0103r\u00e2rile din Uniunea European\u0103: executare f\u0103r\u0103 exequatur<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru hot\u0103r\u00e2rile pronun\u021bate \u00een materie civil\u0103 \u0219i comercial\u0103 \u00een alte state membre ale Uniunii Europene, principalul instrument juridic aplicabil este <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/RO\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215\">Regulamentul (UE) nr. 1215\/2012<\/a>, cunoscut sub denumirea de Regulamentul Bruxelles I bis (\u201e<strong>Regulamentul<\/strong>\u201d). Acesta a eliminat procedura de exequatur pentru hot\u0103r\u00e2rile care intr\u0103 \u00een domeniul s\u0103u de aplicare. Astfel, o hot\u0103r\u00e2re executorie \u00een statul \u00een care a fost pronun\u021bat\u0103 poate fi executat\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia f\u0103r\u0103 a fi necesar\u0103 o procedur\u0103 prealabil\u0103 de recunoa\u0219tere a caracterului s\u0103u executoriu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Eliminarea procedurii de exequatur simplific\u0103 demersurile creditorului, dar nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 executarea silit\u0103 se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 formalit\u0103\u021bi. Pentru a solicita executarea \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, creditorul trebuie s\u0103 prezinte o copie a hot\u0103r\u00e2rii care \u00eendepline\u0219te condi\u021biile necesare pentru stabilirea autenticit\u0103\u021bii sale \u0219i certificatul prev\u0103zut la art. 53 din Regulament, eliberat de instan\u021ba de origine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Documentele se prezint\u0103 \u00een cadrul procedurii de executare silit\u0103 din Rom\u00e2nia. Certificatul trebuie comunicat debitorului \u00eenainte de prima m\u0103sur\u0103 de executare, \u00een condi\u021biile prev\u0103zute de Regulament.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Executarea urmeaz\u0103 apoi normele procedurale rom\u00e2ne, inclusiv cele privind \u00eencuviin\u021barea execut\u0103rii silite de c\u0103tre instan\u021ba de executare. Prin urmare, lipsa exequaturului nu trebuie confundat\u0103 cu eliminarea acestei etape din procedura na\u021bional\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Debitorul poate solicita refuzul execut\u0103rii numai pentru motivele prev\u0103zute de Regulament. Acestea includ, de exemplu, situa\u021bia \u00een care executarea ar fi v\u0103dit contrar\u0103 ordinii publice din Rom\u00e2nia sau \u00een care hot\u0103r\u00e2rea a fost pronun\u021bat\u0103 \u00een lipsa debitorului, f\u0103r\u0103 ca actul de sesizare a instan\u021bei s\u0103 \u00eei fi fost comunicat \u00een timp util \u0219i \u00eentr-un mod care s\u0103 \u00eei permit\u0103 s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i preg\u0103teasc\u0103 ap\u0103rarea. Instan\u021ba rom\u00e2n\u0103 nu poate reexamina fondul hot\u0103r\u00e2rii str\u0103ine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"titlul-executoriu-european-somatia-europeana-de-plata-si-cererile-cu-valoare-redusa\">Titlul executoriu european, soma\u021bia european\u0103 de plat\u0103 \u0219i cererile cu valoare redus\u0103<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 regulile generale privind recunoa\u0219terea \u0219i executarea hot\u0103r\u00e2rilor, dreptul Uniunii Europene pune la dispozi\u021bia creditorilor instrumente procedurale menite s\u0103 simplifice recuperarea crean\u021belor \u00een situa\u021biile care intr\u0103 \u00een domeniul lor de aplicare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Printre acestea se num\u0103r\u0103 titlul executoriu european pentru crean\u021bele necontestate, reglementat de <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/RO\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:32004R0805\">Regulamentul (CE) nr. 805\/2004<\/a>, soma\u021bia european\u0103 de plat\u0103, prev\u0103zut\u0103 de <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/RO\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:32006R1896\">Regulamentul (CE) nr. 1896\/2006<\/a>, \u0219i procedura european\u0103 cu privire la cererile cu valoare redus\u0103, reglementat\u0103 de <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/RO\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:32007R0861\">Regulamentul (CE) nr. 861\/2007<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aceste instrumente permit, \u00een condi\u021biile prev\u0103zute de fiecare regulament, ob\u021binerea sau executarea unei hot\u0103r\u00e2ri f\u0103r\u0103 parcurgerea procedurii obi\u0219nuite de exequatur \u00eentr-un alt stat membru. Executarea propriu-zis\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00eens\u0103 supus\u0103 normelor procedurale aplicabile \u00een statul \u00een care sunt urm\u0103rite bunurile debitorului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-hotararile-din-elvetia-norvegia-si-islanda-conventia-de-la-lugano\">3. Hot\u0103r\u00e2rile din Elve\u021bia, Norvegia \u0219i Islanda: Conven\u021bia de la Lugano<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru hot\u0103r\u00e2rile pronun\u021bate \u00een Elve\u021bia, Norvegia \u0219i Islanda \u00een materie civil\u0103 \u0219i comercial\u0103, recunoa\u0219terea \u0219i executarea \u00een Rom\u00e2nia sunt reglementate de Conven\u021bia de la Lugano din 2007. Spre deosebire de regimul aplicabil hot\u0103r\u00e2rilor din majoritatea statelor membre ale Uniunii Europene, aceast\u0103 conven\u021bie men\u021bine o procedur\u0103 prealabil\u0103 de declarare a executorialit\u0103\u021bii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Creditorul trebuie s\u0103 solicite tribunalului competent din Rom\u00e2nia (tribunalul de la domiciliul sau sediul debitorului ori de la locul execut\u0103rii) declararea caracterului executoriu al hot\u0103r\u00e2rii. Cererea este \u00eenso\u021bit\u0103 de hot\u0103r\u00e2rea str\u0103in\u0103 \u0219i de certificatul prev\u0103zut \u00een anexa V la Conven\u021bie, precum \u0219i de celelalte documente cerute de aceasta. \u00cen prima etap\u0103, tribunalul verific\u0103 \u00eendeplinirea formalit\u0103\u021bilor necesare, f\u0103r\u0103 a-i permite debitorului s\u0103 formuleze observa\u021bii asupra cererii. Debitorul poate contesta ulterior declara\u021bia de executorialitate, \u00een condi\u021biile \u0219i \u00een termenele prev\u0103zute de Conven\u021bie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Durata procedurii depinde de instan\u021ba competent\u0103, de caracterul complet al documentelor \u0219i de eventualele contesta\u021bii. \u00cen func\u021bie de circumstan\u021bele cauzei, creditorul poate analiza \u0219i posibilitatea solicit\u0103rii unor m\u0103suri asigur\u0103torii \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, pentru a proteja bunurile debitorului p\u00e2n\u0103 la finalizarea demersurilor de executare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-hotararile-din-marea-britanie-dupa-brexit\">4. Hot\u0103r\u00e2rile din Marea Britanie dup\u0103 Brexit<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dup\u0103 Brexit, recunoa\u0219terea \u0219i executarea \u00een Rom\u00e2nia a hot\u0103r\u00e2rilor pronun\u021bate \u00een Marea Britanie depind de momentul \u00eenceperii procesului \u0219i de conven\u021biile interna\u021bionale aplicabile. \u00cen anumite situa\u021bii, conteaz\u0103 \u0219i existen\u021ba unui acord exclusiv de alegere a instan\u021bei, precum \u0219i data \u00eencheierii acestuia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Procesul a \u00eenceput<\/th><th>Regimul aplicabil \u00een Rom\u00e2nia<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u00cenainte de 1 ianuarie 2021<\/td><td>Regulamentul Bruxelles I bis, potrivit Acordului de retragere: executare f\u0103r\u0103 exequatur<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00centre 1 ianuarie 2021 \u0219i 30 iunie 2025<\/td><td>Conven\u021bia de la Haga din 2005, dac\u0103 exist\u0103 o clauz\u0103 exclusiv\u0103 de alegere a instan\u021bei britanice; altfel, exequatur dup\u0103 Codul de procedur\u0103 civil\u0103<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dup\u0103 1 iulie 2025<\/td><td>Conven\u021bia de la Haga din 2019; dac\u0103 exist\u0103 o clauz\u0103 exclusiv\u0103 de alegere a instan\u021bei, Conven\u021bia de la Haga din 2005<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Conven\u021bia de la Haga din 2005 privind acordurile de alegere a forului<\/strong> se aplic\u0103, \u00een principal, litigiilor civile \u0219i comerciale \u00een care p\u0103r\u021bile au \u00eencheiat un acord exclusiv de alegere a instan\u021bei. Ea nu acoper\u0103 orice hot\u0103r\u00e2re pronun\u021bat\u0103 de o instan\u021b\u0103 britanic\u0103 \u0219i nici m\u0103surile provizorii sau asigur\u0103torii. Pentru acordurile \u00eencheiate \u00eenainte de 1 ianuarie 2021, exist\u0103 o diferen\u021b\u0103 \u00eentre pozi\u021bia Marii Britanii \u0219i cea exprimat\u0103 de institu\u021biile Uniunii Europene cu privire la aplicarea conven\u021biei \u00een timp. Prin urmare, data \u00eencheierii clauzei de jurisdic\u021bie trebuie verificat\u0103 \u00een fiecare caz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Conven\u021bia de la Haga din 2019 privind recunoa\u0219terea \u0219i executarea hot\u0103r\u00e2rilor str\u0103ine \u00een materie civil\u0103 sau comercial\u0103<\/strong> a intrat \u00een vigoare pentru Uniunea European\u0103 la 1 septembrie 2023 \u0219i pentru Marea Britanie la 1 iulie 2025. Aplicarea sa presupune \u00eendeplinirea condi\u021biilor conven\u021biei, inclusiv a celor referitoare la domeniul s\u0103u de aplicare \u0219i la momentul \u00eenceperii procedurii \u00een statul de origine. Conven\u021bia stabile\u0219te criteriile \u00een baza c\u0103rora hot\u0103r\u00e2rile eligibile pot fi recunoscute \u0219i executate, precum \u0219i motivele pentru care recunoa\u0219terea sau executarea poate fi refuzat\u0103. Procedura de executare propriu-zis\u0103 este guvernat\u0103 de legea statului solicitat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ca atare, \u00eenainte de a ini\u021bia demersurile de executare \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, trebuie stabilite data \u00eenceperii procesului, data \u0219i con\u021binutul eventualei clauze de alegere a instan\u021bei \u0219i instrumentul juridic aplicabil hot\u0103r\u00e2rii. Aceast\u0103 analiz\u0103 determin\u0103 documentele necesare \u0219i procedura care trebuie urmat\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"adesman-cta-lead wp-block-paragraph\">Ave\u021bi o hot\u0103r\u00e2re din Marea Britanie \u00eempotriva unui debitor rom\u00e2n? V\u0103 spunem ce regim se aplic\u0103 \u0219i ce documente trebuie preg\u0103tite.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"cta-line\"><a class=\"btn\" href=\"https:\/\/adesman.ro\/ro\/contact\/\"><span class=\"btn__label\">Programa\u021bi o discu\u021bie<\/span><span class=\"btn__icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M5 12h13M13 6l6 6-6 6\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"5-hotararile-din-afara-europei-regimul-general-si-procedura-aplicabila\">5. Hot\u0103r\u00e2rile din afara Europei: regimul general \u0219i procedura aplicabil\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru hot\u0103r\u00e2rile din state ter\u021be care nu sunt reglementate de un regulament european, de o conven\u021bie interna\u021bional\u0103 sau de un tratat bilateral aplicabil, se aplic\u0103 regulile din Cartea a VII-a a Codului de procedur\u0103 civil\u0103 (art. 1.094\u20131.110). \u00cen regimul general, hot\u0103r\u00e2rea nu poate fi pus\u0103 direct \u00een executare: creditorul trebuie s\u0103 ob\u021bin\u0103 \u00eencuviin\u021barea execut\u0103rii de la tribunalul \u00een circumscrip\u021bia c\u0103ruia urmeaz\u0103 s\u0103 se efectueze executarea. \u00cenainte de aplicarea acestui regim trebuie verificat dac\u0103 Rom\u00e2nia are un instrument bilateral aplicabil cu statul de origine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conditiile-recunoasterii-si-ale-executarii\">Condi\u021biile recunoa\u0219terii \u0219i ale execut\u0103rii<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Potrivit art. 1.096 C.pr.civ., hot\u0103r\u00e2rile care nu sunt recunoscute de plin drept potrivit art. 1.095 C.pr.civ. pot fi recunoscute dac\u0103 sunt \u00eendeplinite cumulativ trei condi\u021bii:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>este definitiv\u0103 potrivit legii statului unde a fost pronun\u021bat\u0103;<\/li>\n\n\n<li>instan\u021ba care a pronun\u021bat-o era competent\u0103 potrivit legii acelui stat, iar competen\u021ba nu s-a \u00eentemeiat exclusiv pe prezen\u021ba p\u00e2r\u00e2tului sau a unor bunuri ale sale f\u0103r\u0103 leg\u0103tur\u0103 direct\u0103 cu litigiul;<\/li>\n\n\n<li>exist\u0103 reciprocitate \u00eentre Rom\u00e2nia \u0219i statul instan\u021bei str\u0103ine \u00een privin\u021ba efectelor hot\u0103r\u00e2rilor str\u0103ine.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 hot\u0103r\u00e2rea a fost pronun\u021bat\u0103 \u00een lipsa p\u0103r\u021bii care a pierdut, trebuie s\u0103 rezulte c\u0103 p\u0103r\u021bii i-au fost \u00eenm\u00e2nate \u00een timp util at\u00e2t cita\u021bia pentru termenul de dezbateri \u00een fond, c\u00e2t \u0219i actul de sesizare a instan\u021bei \u0219i c\u0103 i s-a dat posibilitatea s\u0103 se apere \u0219i s\u0103 exercite calea de atac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru \u00eencuviin\u021barea execut\u0103rii, art. 1.104 C.pr.civ. impune \u0219i condi\u021bia ca hot\u0103r\u00e2rea s\u0103 fie executorie potrivit legii statului \u00een care a fost pronun\u021bat\u0103, iar cererea trebuie \u00eenso\u021bit\u0103 \u0219i de dovada caracterului executoriu, potrivit art. 1.105 C.pr.civ.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"motivele-de-refuz\">Motivele de refuz<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Potrivit art. 1.097 C.pr.civ., recunoa\u0219terea hot\u0103r\u00e2rii str\u0103ine poate fi refuzat\u0103 pentru oricare dintre urm\u0103toarele motive:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>hot\u0103r\u00e2rea este manifest contrar\u0103 ordinii publice de drept interna\u021bional privat rom\u00e2n; aceast\u0103 incompatibilitate se apreciaz\u0103 \u021bin\u00e2ndu-se seama, \u00een special, de intensitatea leg\u0103turii cauzei cu ordinea juridic\u0103 rom\u00e2n\u0103 \u0219i de gravitatea efectului astfel produs;<\/li>\n\n\n<li>hot\u0103r\u00e2rea pronun\u021bat\u0103 \u00eentr-o materie \u00een care persoanele nu dispun liber de drepturile lor a fost ob\u021binut\u0103 cu scopul exclusiv de a sustrage cauza inciden\u021bei legii aplicabile conform dreptului interna\u021bional privat rom\u00e2n;<\/li>\n\n\n<li>procesul a fost solu\u021bionat \u00eentre acelea\u0219i p\u0103r\u021bi printr-o hot\u0103r\u00e2re, chiar nedefinitiv\u0103, a instan\u021belor rom\u00e2ne sau se afl\u0103 \u00een curs de judecare \u00een fa\u021ba acestora la data sesiz\u0103rii instan\u021bei str\u0103ine;<\/li>\n\n\n<li>este inconciliabil\u0103 cu o hot\u0103r\u00e2re pronun\u021bat\u0103 anterior ei \u00een str\u0103in\u0103tate \u0219i susceptibil\u0103 de a fi recunoscut\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia;<\/li>\n\n\n<li>instan\u021bele rom\u00e2ne aveau competen\u021ba exclusiv\u0103 pentru judecarea cauzei;<\/li>\n\n\n<li>a fost \u00eenc\u0103lcat dreptul la ap\u0103rare;<\/li>\n\n\n<li>hot\u0103r\u00e2rea poate face obiectul unei c\u0103i de atac \u00een statul \u00een care a fost pronun\u021bat\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"instanta-competenta-si-procedura\">Instan\u021ba competent\u0103 \u0219i procedura<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cererea de \u00eencuviin\u021bare a execut\u0103rii se depune la tribunalul \u00een circumscrip\u021bia c\u0103ruia urmeaz\u0103 s\u0103 se efectueze executarea (art. 1.103 C.pr.civ.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tribunalul verific\u0103 doar condi\u021biile legale. Potrivit art. 1.098 C.pr.civ., instan\u021ba rom\u00e2n\u0103 <strong>nu<\/strong> poate examina pe fond hot\u0103r\u00e2rea str\u0103in\u0103 \u0219i <strong>nu<\/strong> o poate modifica. Hot\u0103r\u00e2rea prin care se solu\u021bioneaz\u0103 cererea de \u00eencuviin\u021bare a execut\u0103rii poate fi atacat\u0103 cu apel, \u00een termenul de drept comun de 30 de zile de la comunicare, dac\u0103 nu este incident\u0103 o dispozi\u021bie special\u0103. Pe baza hot\u0103r\u00e2rii definitive de \u00eencuviin\u021bare a execut\u0103rii se emite titlul executoriu, potrivit art. 1.107 C.pr.civ.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ce-nu-se-poate-executa\">Ce nu se poate executa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Art. 1.103 alin. (2) C.pr.civ. prevede c\u0103 hot\u0103r\u00e2rile str\u0103ine prin care s-au luat m\u0103suri asigur\u0103torii \u0219i cele date cu executare provizorie nu pot fi puse \u00een executare \u00een Rom\u00e2nia pe calea regimului general. Aceast\u0103 regul\u0103 nu trebuie extins\u0103 automat asupra regimurilor europene sau conven\u021bionale, care pot con\u021bine dispozi\u021bii proprii. Astfel, spre exemplu, un sechestru dispus de o instan\u021b\u0103 din Statele Unite ale Americii nu blocheaz\u0103, prin simpla sa existen\u021b\u0103, conturile din Rom\u00e2nia; creditorul poate analiza solicitarea unor m\u0103suri asigur\u0103torii de la instan\u021ba rom\u00e2n\u0103, dac\u0103 sunt \u00eendeplinite condi\u021biile legale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"tratatele-bilaterale\">Tratatele bilaterale<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cenainte de a solicita recunoa\u0219terea sau executarea \u00een Rom\u00e2nia a unei hot\u0103r\u00e2ri pronun\u021bate \u00een afara Uniunii Europene, trebuie verificat dac\u0103 Rom\u00e2nia \u0219i statul de origine au \u00eencheiat un tratat bilateral care reglementeaz\u0103 aceast\u0103 procedur\u0103. Un astfel de instrument poate stabili condi\u021bii specifice de recunoa\u0219tere, motive de refuz \u0219i documentele care trebuie depuse la instan\u021ba rom\u00e2n\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un exemplu relevant este <strong>Acordul dintre Rom\u00e2nia \u0219i Republica Turcia privind asisten\u021ba judiciar\u0103 \u00een materie civil\u0103<\/strong>, semnat la 28 septembrie 2005 \u0219i ratificat prin Legea nr. 214\/2006. Acordul se aplic\u0103 \u0219i litigiilor comerciale \u0219i reglementeaz\u0103 expres recunoa\u0219terea \u0219i executarea hot\u0103r\u00e2rilor judec\u0103tore\u0219ti pronun\u021bate \u00een cele dou\u0103 state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Potrivit art. 17\u201320 din acord, hot\u0103r\u00e2rea trebuie s\u0103 fie definitiv\u0103 \u0219i executorie \u00een statul \u00een care a fost pronun\u021bat\u0103. Recunoa\u0219terea sau executarea poate fi refuzat\u0103 pentru motive precum \u00eenc\u0103lcarea ordinii publice, nerespectarea dreptului la ap\u0103rare ori \u00eenc\u0103lcarea competen\u021bei exclusive a instan\u021belor statului solicitat. Cererea se depune direct la instan\u021ba competent\u0103 din Rom\u00e2nia \u0219i trebuie \u00eenso\u021bit\u0103, \u00eentre altele, de copia complet\u0103 \u0219i autentificat\u0103 a hot\u0103r\u00e2rii definitive \u0219i executorii, de dovada cit\u0103rii legale a p\u0103r\u021bii absente, dac\u0103 este cazul, \u0219i de traducerile certificate prev\u0103zute de acord.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un aspect practic important este c\u0103 art. 12 din acord scute\u0219te de legalizare documentele emise sau certificate \u0219i \u0219tampilate oficial \u00eentr-unul dintre cele dou\u0103 state, \u00een cadrul procedurilor desf\u0103\u0219urate \u00een fa\u021ba autorit\u0103\u021bilor judiciare ale celuilalt stat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un alt exemplu este <strong>Tratatul dintre Rom\u00e2nia \u0219i Republica Popular\u0103 Chinez\u0103 privind asisten\u021ba juridic\u0103 \u00een materie civil\u0103 \u0219i penal\u0103<\/strong>, semnat la Beijing la 16 ianuarie 1991 \u0219i ratificat prin Legea nr. 12\/1992. Tratatul reglementeaz\u0103 expres recunoa\u0219terea \u0219i executarea hot\u0103r\u00e2rilor civile, inclusiv \u00een materie comercial\u0103, precum \u0219i a hot\u0103r\u00e2rilor arbitrale, \u00een condi\u021biile instrumentului aplicabil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Potrivit art. 21\u201325, hot\u0103r\u00e2rile care intr\u0103 \u00een domeniul tratatului pot fi recunoscute \u0219i executate \u00een cel\u0103lalt stat, dac\u0103 sunt \u00eendeplinite condi\u021biile prev\u0103zute de acesta. Printre motivele de refuz se num\u0103r\u0103 lipsa efectelor juridice sau a caracterului executoriu \u00een statul de origine, necompeten\u021ba instan\u021bei potrivit regulilor tratatului \u0219i \u00eenc\u0103lcarea dreptului la ap\u0103rare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"6-ce-documente-trebuie-pregatite\">6. Ce documente trebuie preg\u0103tite<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dosarul complet de la \u00eenceput scurteaz\u0103 procedura. \u00cen regimul general al Codului de procedur\u0103 civil\u0103, documentele pentru recunoa\u0219tere sunt prev\u0103zute de art. 1.100, iar cererea de \u00eencuviin\u021bare a execut\u0103rii trebuie \u00eenso\u021bit\u0103 \u0219i de dovada caracterului executoriu, potrivit art. 1.105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>copia hot\u0103r\u00e2rii str\u0103ine;<\/li>\n\n\n<li>dovada caracterului definitiv al hot\u0103r\u00e2rii;<\/li>\n\n\n<li>dac\u0103 hot\u0103r\u00e2rea s-a dat \u00een lipsa p\u0103r\u021bii \u00eempotriva c\u0103reia se invoc\u0103, copia dovezii de \u00eenm\u00e2nare a cita\u021biei \u0219i a actului de sesizare ori un alt act oficial care s\u0103 ateste c\u0103 acestea au fost cunoscute \u00een timp util;<\/li>\n\n\n<li>orice alt act de natur\u0103 s\u0103 probeze \u00eendeplinirea condi\u021biilor legale;<\/li>\n\n\n<li>traducerile autorizate \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 ale documentelor relevante;<\/li>\n\n\n<li>apostila sau supralegalizarea, dac\u0103 sunt cerute potrivit legii \u0219i instrumentelor interna\u021bionale aplicabile; aceste formalit\u0103\u021bi nu sunt obligatorii \u00een toate cazurile.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru o hot\u0103r\u00e2re care intr\u0103 sub inciden\u021ba Regulamentului Bruxelles I bis, creditorul prezint\u0103 copia hot\u0103r\u00e2rii \u0219i certificatul prev\u0103zut la art. 53, cu traduceri atunci c\u00e2nd sunt necesare potrivit Regulamentului. Nu se solicit\u0103 legalizare sau formalit\u0103\u021bi echivalente pentru documentele prev\u0103zute de Regulament.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"7-cat-dureaza-si-cat-costa\">7. C\u00e2t dureaz\u0103 \u0219i c\u00e2t cost\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Durata depinde de regimul aplicabil, de instan\u021ba competent\u0103 \u0219i de eventuala opozi\u021bie a debitorului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Hot\u0103r\u00e2re din UE<\/strong>: \u00een cazul hot\u0103r\u00e2rilor care intr\u0103 sub inciden\u021ba Regulamentului, executarea nu necesit\u0103 o procedur\u0103 prealabil\u0103 de exequatur, iar durata execut\u0103rii depinde de formalit\u0103\u021bile na\u021bionale \u0219i de circumstan\u021bele concrete.<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Hot\u0103r\u00e2re sub Conven\u021bia de la Lugano<\/strong>: este necesar\u0103 procedura declara\u021biei de executorialitate.<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Exequatur potrivit Codului de procedur\u0103 civil\u0103<\/strong>: este necesar\u0103 \u00eencuviin\u021barea execut\u0103rii de c\u0103tre tribunal, iar hot\u0103r\u00e2rea poate fi atacat\u0103 cu apel.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Costurile pot include taxa judiciar\u0103 de timbru, traducerile autorizate, apostila sau supralegalizarea, onorariul executorului judec\u0103toresc \u0219i asisten\u021ba juridic\u0103. Cererea de \u00eencuviin\u021bare a execut\u0103rii silite este taxat\u0103 cu 20 lei pentru fiecare titlu executoriu, potrivit art. 10 alin. (1) lit. a) din O.U.G. nr. 80\/2013. Aceast\u0103 tax\u0103 trebuie deosebit\u0103 de taxa aferent\u0103 cererii de \u00eencuviin\u021bare a execut\u0103rii unei hot\u0103r\u00e2ri str\u0103ine, care se verific\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de obiectul cererii \u0219i regimul juridic aplicabil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O opozi\u021bie a debitorului sau lipsa unor documente poate prelungi procedura cu luni \u00eentregi, fiind indicat ca dosarul s\u0103 fie preg\u0103tit astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 r\u0103spund\u0103 anticipat motivelor de refuz pe care debitorul le-ar putea invoca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"8-dupa-exequatur-executarea-silita-in-romania\">8. Dup\u0103 exequatur: executarea silit\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dup\u0103 ce hot\u0103r\u00e2rea are putere executorie \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, executarea urmeaz\u0103 regulile obi\u0219nuite ale Codului de procedur\u0103 civil\u0103. Creditorul alege un executor judec\u0103toresc, care poate:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00eenfiin\u021ba poprirea pe conturile bancare ale debitorului \u0219i pe sumele datorate acestuia de ter\u021bi;<\/li>\n\n\n<li>urm\u0103ri bunurile mobile \u0219i imobile ale debitorului;<\/li>\n\n\n<li>identifica bunurile debitorului prin interog\u0103ri la b\u0103nci, cartea funciar\u0103 \u0219i alte registre.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"masurile-asiguratorii-in-timpul-procedurii\">M\u0103surile asigur\u0103torii \u00een timpul procedurii<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un debitor care afl\u0103 de procedur\u0103 poate \u00eencerca s\u0103-\u0219i mute banii sau s\u0103-\u0219i \u00eenstr\u0103ineze bunurile. Creditorul poate cere instan\u021bei rom\u00e2ne m\u0103suri asigur\u0103torii, cum ar fi sechestrul asigur\u0103tor sau poprirea asigur\u0103torie, chiar \u00een timpul procedurii de exequatur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Conform art. 1103 C.pr.civ., hot\u0103r\u00e2rile str\u0103ine prin care s-au luat m\u0103suri asigur\u0103torii \u0219i cele date cu executare provizorie nu pot fi puse \u00een executare pe teritoriul Rom\u00e2niei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"prescriptia\">Prescrip\u021bia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dreptul de a ob\u021bine executarea silit\u0103 se prescrie. \u00cen regimul general al Codului de procedur\u0103 civil\u0103, termenul este, de regul\u0103, de 3 ani, cu excep\u021biile prev\u0103zute de lege. Art. 1.101 C.pr.civ. prevede c\u0103 cererea de recunoa\u0219tere a hot\u0103r\u00e2rii str\u0103ine \u00eentrerupe prescrip\u021bia dreptului de a ob\u021bine executarea silit\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"daca-debitorul-este-in-insolventa\">Dac\u0103 debitorul este \u00een insolven\u021b\u0103<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 debitorul intr\u0103 \u00een insolven\u021b\u0103, executarea individual\u0103 se suspend\u0103. Creditorul str\u0103in trebuie s\u0103-\u0219i \u00eenscrie crean\u021ba \u00een tabelul creditorilor, \u00een termenul stabilit de judec\u0103torul-sindic. Hot\u0103r\u00e2rea str\u0103in\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2ne o dovad\u0103 puternic\u0103 a crean\u021bei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"adesman-cta-lead wp-block-paragraph\">Vre\u021bi s\u0103 bloca\u021bi conturile debitorului \u00eenainte s\u0103-\u0219i mute banii? Analiz\u0103m posibilitatea m\u0103surilor asigur\u0103torii.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"cta-line\"><a class=\"btn\" href=\"https:\/\/adesman.ro\/ro\/contact\/\"><span class=\"btn__label\">Contacta\u021bi-ne<\/span><span class=\"btn__icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M5 12h13M13 6l6 6-6 6\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"9-concluzii\">9. Concluzii<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O hot\u0103r\u00e2re str\u0103in\u0103 c\u00e2\u0219tigat\u0103 nu se transform\u0103 automat \u00een bani \u00een Rom\u00e2nia. Trei lucruri decid c\u00e2t de repede ajunge creditorul la bunurile debitorului:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Statul de origine al hot\u0103r\u00e2rii.<\/strong> Pentru UE, nu este necesar exequatur. Pentru restul lumii, e nevoie mai \u00eent\u00e2i de exequatur la tribunal.<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Un dosar complet de la \u00eenceput.<\/strong> Dovada caracterului definitiv \u0219i executoriu, dovada cit\u0103rii, traducerile \u0219i apostila evit\u0103 am\u00e2n\u0103rile.<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Protejarea bunurilor \u00een timpul procedurii.<\/strong> M\u0103surile asigur\u0103torii cerute la timp \u00eempiedic\u0103 debitorul s\u0103-\u0219i goleasc\u0103 conturile.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"intrebari-frecvente\">\u00centreb\u0103ri frecvente<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"trebuie-obtinut-exequatur-pentru-o-hotarare-germana-franceza-sau-spaniola\">Trebuie ob\u021binut exequatur pentru o hot\u0103r\u00e2re german\u0103, francez\u0103 sau spaniol\u0103?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nu. Hot\u0103r\u00e2rile din statele membre UE, \u00een procese \u00eencepute \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu 10 ianuarie 2015, se execut\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia f\u0103r\u0103 exequatur. Creditorul are nevoie de hot\u0103r\u00e2re \u0219i de certificatul prev\u0103zut la art. 53 din Regulamentul Bruxelles I bis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cum-se-executa-in-romania-o-hotarare-din-marea-britanie-dupa-brexit\">Cum se execut\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia o hot\u0103r\u00e2re din Marea Britanie dup\u0103 Brexit?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Depinde de data \u00eenceperii procesului. Pentru procesele \u00eencepute dup\u0103 1 iulie 2025 se aplic\u0103 Conven\u021bia de la Haga din 2019. Pentru cele dintre 2021 \u0219i iunie 2025 se aplic\u0103 Conven\u021bia de la Haga din 2005, dac\u0103 exist\u0103 o clauz\u0103 exclusiv\u0103 de alegere a instan\u021bei, sau procedura de exequatur din Codul de procedur\u0103 civil\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ce-instanta-judeca-cererea-de-exequatur\">Ce instan\u021b\u0103 judec\u0103 cererea de exequatur?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tribunalul \u00een circumscrip\u021bia c\u0103ruia urmeaz\u0103 s\u0103 se fac\u0103 executarea, potrivit art. 1.103 din Codul de procedur\u0103 civil\u0103. De regul\u0103, acesta este tribunalul de la sediul debitorului sau de la locul bunurilor sale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"poate-instanta-romana-sa-rejudece-fondul-litigiului\">Poate instan\u021ba rom\u00e2n\u0103 s\u0103 rejudece fondul litigiului?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nu. Instan\u021ba verific\u0103 doar condi\u021biile legale de recunoa\u0219tere \u0219i executare. Nu poate examina din nou fondul hot\u0103r\u00e2rii str\u0103ine \u0219i nu o poate modifica (art. 1.098 C.pr.civ.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ce-documente-trebuie-traduse-si-apostilate\">Ce documente trebuie traduse \u0219i apostilate?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hot\u0103r\u00e2rea, dovada caracterului definitiv \u0219i executoriu \u0219i, dac\u0103 e cazul, dovada cit\u0103rii debitorului. Toate se traduc autorizat \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103. Apostila sau supralegalizarea depind de statul de origine; hot\u0103r\u00e2rile din UE nu au nevoie de apostil\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"se-poate-executa-o-hotarare-straina-care-nu-e-inca-definitiva\">Se poate executa o hot\u0103r\u00e2re str\u0103in\u0103 care nu e \u00eenc\u0103 definitiv\u0103?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru hot\u0103r\u00e2rile din afara UE, \u00een general nu: hot\u0103r\u00e2rea trebuie s\u0103 fie definitiv\u0103 \u0219i executorie \u00een statul de origine. Hot\u0103r\u00e2rile date cu executare provizorie nu pot fi executate pe calea exequaturului. Pentru hot\u0103r\u00e2rile din UE, conteaz\u0103 dac\u0103 hot\u0103r\u00e2rea este executorie \u00een statul de origine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pot-bloca-bunurile-debitorului-inainte-de-finalizarea-exequaturului\">Pot bloca bunurile debitorului \u00eenainte de finalizarea exequaturului?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Da, prin m\u0103suri asigur\u0103torii cerute unei instan\u021be rom\u00e2ne, cum ar fi sechestrul asigur\u0103tor sau poprirea asigur\u0103torie. M\u0103surile dispuse de instan\u021ba str\u0103in\u0103 nu se execut\u0103 automat \u00een Rom\u00e2nia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cat-dureaza-procedura-de-exequatur-in-romania\">C\u00e2t dureaz\u0103 procedura de exequatur \u00een Rom\u00e2nia?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Procedura de exequatur \u00een Rom\u00e2nia dureaz\u0103, \u00een general, aproximativ 2\u20136 luni, \u00een func\u021bie de complexitatea dosarului, de instan\u021ba competent\u0103 \u0219i de caracterul complet al documentelor, put\u00e2ndu-se prelungi \u00een cazul unor contesta\u021bii sau al unor documente lips\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Termenul indicat are caracter strict orientativ \u0219i nu reprezint\u0103 o estimare garantat\u0103 a duratei procedurii. \u00cen practic\u0103, durata poate varia semnificativ, \u00een principal \u00een func\u021bie de gradul de \u00eenc\u0103rcare al instan\u021belor, precum \u0219i de particularit\u0103\u021bile fiec\u0103rui dosar, instan\u021bele put\u00e2nd acorda termene diferite chiar \u0219i \u00een cadrul unor proceduri similare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"se-aplica-aceeasi-procedura-pentru-o-sentinta-arbitrala\">Se aplic\u0103 aceea\u0219i procedur\u0103 pentru o sentin\u021b\u0103 arbitral\u0103?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nu. Sentin\u021bele arbitrale str\u0103ine se recunosc \u0219i se execut\u0103 potrivit Conven\u021biei de la New York din 1958, cu reguli proprii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ce-se-intampla-daca-debitorul-este-in-insolventa\">Ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 dac\u0103 debitorul este \u00een insolven\u021b\u0103?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Executarea individual\u0103 se suspend\u0103, iar creditorul trebuie s\u0103-\u0219i \u00eenscrie crean\u021ba \u00een procedura de insolven\u021b\u0103, \u00een termenul stabilit de judec\u0103torul-sindic. Hot\u0103r\u00e2rea str\u0103in\u0103 serve\u0219te ca dovad\u0103 a crean\u021bei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Adesman &amp; Asocia\u021bii asist\u0103 companii str\u0103ine \u00een recunoa\u0219terea \u0219i executarea hot\u0103r\u00e2rilor judec\u0103tore\u0219ti \u0219i arbitrale \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, de la analiza dosarului p\u00e2n\u0103 la executarea silit\u0103.<\/strong> Afla\u021bi mai multe despre practica noastr\u0103 de <a href=\"https:\/\/adesman.ro\/ro\/litigii-arbitraje\/\">litigii \u0219i arbitraje<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"adesman-cta-lead wp-block-paragraph\">Ave\u021bi o hot\u0103r\u00e2re str\u0103in\u0103 de executat \u00een Rom\u00e2nia? Verific\u0103m documentele \u0219i v\u0103 spunem care e cea mai rapid\u0103 cale.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"cta-line\"><a class=\"btn\" href=\"https:\/\/adesman.ro\/ro\/contact\/\"><span class=\"btn__label\">Contacta\u021bi-ne<\/span><span class=\"btn__icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M5 12h13M13 6l6 6-6 6\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Prezentul material are caracter general \u0219i informativ \u0219i nu constituie consultan\u021b\u0103 juridic\u0103 individualizat\u0103. Regimul aplicabil trebuie analizat \u00een func\u021bie de statul de origine al hot\u0103r\u00e2rii, de data procesului \u0219i de legisla\u021bia \u00een vigoare la momentul analizei.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ob\u021binerea unei hot\u0103r\u00e2ri judec\u0103tore\u0219ti favorabile \u00een str\u0103in\u0103tate nu garanteaz\u0103, prin ea \u00eens\u0103\u0219i, recuperarea unei crean\u021be de la un debitor care are bunuri \u00een Rom\u00e2nia. Pentru ca hot\u0103r\u00e2rea s\u0103 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":450,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[55,54,56,57],"class_list":["post-449","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-litigii","tag-executare-silita","tag-exequatur","tag-hotarari-straine","tag-recuperare-creante"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Executarea hot\u0103r\u00e2rilor str\u0103ine \u00een Rom\u00e2nia | Ghid 2026<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cum se execut\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia o hot\u0103r\u00e2re din UE, Marea Britanie, Elve\u021bia sau din afara Europei: exequatur sau nu, documente, termene \u0219i riscuri.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adesman.ro\/ro\/executare-hotarari-straine-romania\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Executarea hot\u0103r\u00e2rilor str\u0103ine \u00een Rom\u00e2nia | Ghid 2026\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cum se execut\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia o hot\u0103r\u00e2re din UE, Marea Britanie, Elve\u021bia sau din afara Europei: exequatur sau nu, documente, termene \u0219i riscuri.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/adesman.ro\/ro\/executare-hotarari-straine-romania\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Adesman &amp; 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