{"id":282,"date":"2026-09-22T19:33:10","date_gmt":"2026-09-22T19:33:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adesman.ro\/?p=282"},"modified":"2026-09-22T20:24:07","modified_gmt":"2026-09-22T20:24:07","slug":"renewable-energy-investments","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adesman.ro\/en\/investitii-energie-regenerabila\/","title":{"rendered":"Renewable energy investments in Romania: legal guide"},"content":{"rendered":"

Renewable energy investments in Romania: land, grid connection and authorisation<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Romania remains an attractive market for investments in renewable energy, particularly in solar energy, onshore wind energy and energy storage. However, the development or acquisition of a renewable energy project requires careful coordination between land rights, urban planning and construction requirements, grid connection, environmental permitting and ANRE authorisation<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Recent legislative amendments, including the new regulatory framework in Romania concerning urban planning and construction and the introduction, from 2026 onwards, of a competitive mechanism for grid capacity allocation, make conducting an early-stage legal due diligence all the more important for investors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Securing land for renewable energy investments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

According to the Code for Spatial Planning, Urbanism and Construction, which came into force in August 2026, renewable energy projects fall into the category of engineering works, as they constitute energy infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This classification is relevant to the authorisation process. In particular, the urban planning certificate for carrying out engineering works can be requested and issued without the applicant holding a principal in rem right over the land in question. Consequently, the developer of a renewable energy project is not obliged to hold ownership rights over the land related to the project or a right of superficies at the time of obtaining the urban planning certificate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, prior to carrying out the construction works, the developer must secure the rights to the land required for the issuance and implementation of the building permit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Before securing a site, investors should check not only the title deeds and any encumbrances, but also cadastral status, land use category and agricultural regime, access rights, urbanistic restrictions and the possibility of using the land both for the project and for the infrastructure required for its grid connection<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Agricultural land located outside built-up areas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Numerous renewable energy projects in Romania are developed on agricultural land located outside built-up areas. Law No. 18\/1991<\/a> establishes a specific regime that allows, subject to the fulfilment of the conditions provided for by law, the development on certain categories of agricultural land of solar and wind energy production capacities, electricity storage units, transformer stations and related infrastructure, generally within the legal limit of 50 hectares<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The project's development may require the permanent or temporary withdrawal of the relevant area from agricultural use.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Romanian legislation also permits, in certain situations, dual land use of agricultural land for both farming activities and the generation of electricity from renewable sources<\/strong>. This regime may allow the removal from agricultural use of only the area actually occupied by the energy infrastructure, while the remaining area continues to be used for agricultural purposes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Grid connection and ATR<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Grid connection is increasingly becoming one of the main development risks for renewable energy projects in Romania.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The general procedure is regulated by theANRE Regulation approved by Order No. 59\/2013<\/strong>, as subsequently amended and supplemented. This generally involves submitting the grid connection application, establishing the connection solution, issuing the Technical Connection Permit (ATR<\/strong>), concluding the grid connection agreement, building and commissioning the connection installations and, finally, issuing the grid connection certificate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The ATR establishes the technical conditions under which the project can be connected to the public electricity grid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Therefore, for investors purchasing a project, the mere existence of a grid connection technical permit is not enough. Due diligence should also analyse its validity, approved capacity, connection point, grid reinforcement works, costs, guarantees and implementation deadlines<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. The new network capacity allocation mechanism<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A particularly important development for investors is the introduction of the network capacity allocation mechanism for relevant projects with an installed capacity of at least 5 MW<\/strong>, applicable from 1 January 2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the methodology approved by ANRE Order No. 53\/2024<\/a>, the available network capacity for projects falling within its scope is allocated through a competitive mechanism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that access to grid capacity must now be treated as a key investment risk rather than merely a technical matter related to the authorisation process<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Investors should establish from an early stage whether the project falls under the incidence of the capacity allocation mechanism and analyse the available capacity, the stage of the allocation process, applicable payments and financial guarantees, the connection schedule, as well as the consequences of failing to comply with the imposed development milestones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This aspect is particularly relevant when acquiring projects presented as \u201eready-to-build\u201d or at an advanced stage of development: land rights and permits have limited value if the project does not have a viable and legally secure grid connection solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. ANRE authorisation and licensing<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Grid connection is distinct from the authorisation and licensing regime managed by the National Regulatory Authority for Energy (ANRE<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Law no. 123\/2012, projects that exceed the threshold stipulated by the law require the obtaining of a establishment permits<\/strong>, while projects that fall under the legal exemption are subject to the applicable notification regime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The commercial exploitation of the generation capacity is subsequently subject to the applicable ANRE licensing requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Therefore, investors should ensure that the steps regarding the land, construction, grid connection and ANRE authorisation<\/a> they are coordinates<\/strong>, since delays or changes occurring in one of these processes can affect the validity or schedule of the others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Authorisation from an environmental protection perspective<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Renewable energy projects are subject to Romanian environmental protection legislation, which implements the relevant requirements of European Union law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depending on the location, size and characteristics of the project, the competent environmental protection authority may require the carrying out of an environmental impact assessments<\/strong>, of an appropriate assessment in relation to Natura 2000 sites and\/or an assessment of the impact on water bodies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depending on the location, additional permits and approvals may be required, including in relation to protected areas, archaeological heritage, water management, aviation, defence infrastructure or land reclamation systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Any environmental constraints should ideally be identified as early as the stage of site selection and legal due diligence<\/strong>, and not after significant project development costs have already been incurred.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. Support schemes and tax aspects<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Romania has implemented several support mechanisms for renewable energy investment<\/strong>, including Contracts for Difference (CfD) scheme<\/strong> and funding opportunities available within European and national programmes, including via the Modernisation Fund.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These mechanisms can significantly improve the economic parameters of a project, but eligibility and the granting of support are subject to the rules of each scheme and should not be considered as automatically available for all renewable energy projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Similarly, Romanian law does not provide for a general tax exemption simply because a project produces energy from renewable sources. Investors should analyse the tax implications of the specific investment structure, including corporation tax, VAT, local taxes and duties, as well as the tax treatment of the acquisition and financing structure. For recent developments regarding taxation in the energy sector, please also see the Adesman & Asocia\u021bii analysis regarding Energy Transition Fund<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key takeaways for international investors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A renewable energy project in Romania should not be assessed solely by reference to secured land or permits already obtained.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For investors analysing renewable energy investments in Romania<\/strong>, the essential question is whether the project has a coherent and bankable development path<\/strong>enforceable and adequate land rights, a viable situation from the perspective of urban planning and the agricultural land regime, a secure grid connection capacity or one that can be realistically obtained, valid environmental and construction permits, as well as a clear path towards ANRE authorisation and commercial operation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Carrying out early-stage coordinated legal due diligence on all these matters can enable the identification of critical development risks before committing significant capital and can substantially contribute to the project's bankability and its preparation for a potential transaction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Frequently asked questions about renewable energy investments in Romania<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Can a foreign investor develop or acquire a renewable energy project in Romania?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Yes. Foreign investors can develop or acquire renewable energy projects in Romania, including photovoltaic, wind and energy storage projects. Depending on the structure and value of the transaction, the activities of the target company and other relevant circumstances, the investment may be subject to additional requirements, including those regarding investment screening and the FDI regime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it necessary for the developer of a photovoltaic or wind farm to be the landowner?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

No. The developer does not need to be the landowner at all stages of the project. Other rights that permit the development and exploitation of the project may also be used, under the conditions provided by law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Under the current framework regarding spatial planning, urbanism and construction, for engineering works the urban planning certificate may be requested and issued without the applicant holding a principal real right over the land. However, in order to carry out the works, the right over the land necessary for authorising and executing the project must be secured.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Can a photovoltaic park be built on extra-urban agricultural land?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Under certain conditions, yes. Law No 18\/1991 allows the installation of certain renewable energy production capacities and related infrastructure on certain categories of agricultural land located outside built-up areas, subject to the conditions and limits provided by law, including, under the relevant regime, the 50-hectare limit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen func\u021bie de proiect \u0219i de teren, poate fi necesar\u0103 scoaterea definitiv\u0103 sau temporar\u0103 din circuitul agricol. \u00cen anumite situa\u021bii este permis\u0103 \u0219i utilizarea dual\u0103 a terenului pentru activit\u0103\u021bi agricole \u0219i producerea energiei electrice din surse regenerabile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce este ATR-ul \u0219i de ce este important pentru un proiect de energie regenerabil\u0103?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

ATR-ul \u2013 Avizul Tehnic de Racordare \u2013 stabile\u0219te condi\u021biile tehnice \u00een care proiectul poate fi racordat la re\u021beaua electric\u0103 de interes public.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pentru un investitor, simpla existen\u021b\u0103 a unui ATR nu este suficient\u0103 pentru evaluarea situa\u021biei racord\u0103rii. Analiza poate include, printre altele, valabilitatea ATR-ului, puterea aprobat\u0103, punctul de racordare, eventualele lucr\u0103ri de \u00eent\u0103rire a re\u021belei, costurile \u0219i garan\u021biile asociate, precum \u0219i termenele \u0219i obliga\u021biile care trebuie respectate pentru implementarea racord\u0103rii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cum se aloc\u0103 \u00een 2026 capacitatea re\u021belei pentru proiectele de minimum 5 MW?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pentru proiectele care intr\u0103 \u00een domeniul de aplicare al metodologiei aprobate prin Ordinul ANRE nr. 53\/2024, capacitatea disponibil\u0103 a re\u021belei este alocat\u0103 prin mecanismul concuren\u021bial aplicabil \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu 1 ianuarie 2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen consecin\u021b\u0103, pentru proiectele vizate de acest regim, analiza juridic\u0103 \u0219i investi\u021bional\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 ia \u00een considerare nu numai existen\u021ba infrastructurii de re\u021bea, ci \u0219i accesul efectiv la capacitate, stadiul procedurii de alocare, costurile \u0219i garan\u021biile aferente, precum \u0219i termenele aplicabile proiectului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Este suficient ca un proiect s\u0103 aib\u0103 ATR pentru a fi considerat \u201eready-to-build\u201d?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nu \u00een mod necesar. \u201eReady-to-build\u201d nu reprezint\u0103, prin el \u00eensu\u0219i, o garan\u021bie c\u0103 toate condi\u021biile juridice, tehnice \u0219i administrative necesare \u00eenceperii construc\u021biei sunt \u00eendeplinite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen cadrul unui due diligence trebuie verificat\u0103 situa\u021bia concret\u0103 a proiectului, inclusiv drepturile asupra terenurilor, urbanismul, autoriza\u021bia de construire, situa\u021bia racord\u0103rii \u0219i a capacit\u0103\u021bii de re\u021bea, autoriza\u021biile de mediu, autorizarea ANRE \u0219i eventualele condi\u021bii, termene sau obliga\u021bii \u00eenc\u0103 ne\u00eendeplinite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce autoriza\u021bii ANRE sunt necesare pentru un proiect de energie regenerabil\u0103?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Regimul aplicabil depinde de caracteristicile proiectului \u0219i de pragurile prev\u0103zute de legisla\u021bia \u00een vigoare. Legea nr. 123\/2012 reglementeaz\u0103 autoriza\u021bia de \u00eenfiin\u021bare pentru proiectele care dep\u0103\u0219esc pragul legal aplicabil, iar proiectele care beneficiaz\u0103 de excep\u021bia prev\u0103zut\u0103 de lege sunt supuse regimului corespunz\u0103tor de notificare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Exploatarea comercial\u0103 a capacit\u0103\u021bii de producere este, separat, supus\u0103 cerin\u021belor de licen\u021biere ANRE aplicabile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce ar trebui verificat \u00eenainte de achizi\u021bia unui proiect de energie regenerabil\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Un due diligence juridic al unui proiect de energie regenerabil\u0103 poate acoperi, \u00een func\u021bie de structura tranzac\u021biei, societatea de proiect \u0219i situa\u021bia corporativ\u0103 a acesteia, drepturile asupra terenurilor, urbanismul \u0219i construirea, racordarea la re\u021bea \u0219i ATR-ul, capacitatea de re\u021bea, autoriza\u021biile ANRE, aspectele de mediu, contractele relevante, finan\u021barea, litigiile \u0219i eventualele cerin\u021be privind examinarea investi\u021biei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen cazul proiectelor aflate \u00eentr-un stadiu avansat de dezvoltare, o aten\u021bie particular\u0103 trebuie acordat\u0103 \u0219i termenelor, milestones-urilor, garan\u021biilor \u0219i condi\u021biilor de care depinde men\u021binerea drepturilor deja ob\u021binute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Acest material are caracter general \u0219i exclusiv informativ \u0219i nu constituie consultan\u021b\u0103 juridic\u0103 cu privire la un anumit proiect sau o anumit\u0103 investi\u021bie. Aplicarea cadrului juridic depinde de caracteristicile fiec\u0103rui proiect \u0219i de legisla\u021bia \u0219i reglement\u0103rile \u00een vigoare la momentul analizei.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Investi\u021bii \u00een energie regenerabil\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia: terenuri, racordare la re\u021bea \u0219i autorizare Rom\u00e2nia r\u0103m\u00e2ne o pia\u021b\u0103 atractiv\u0103 pentru investi\u021biile \u00een energie regenerabil\u0103, \u00een special \u00een proiecte [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":283,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,37],"tags":[35,29,27,31,34,33,36,32,30,26,28],"class_list":["post-282","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energie","category-energie-verde","tag-achizitie-proiect-fotovoltaic-romania","tag-atr-proiect-energie","tag-autorizare-anre","tag-capacitate-retea-5-mw","tag-due-diligence-proiect-energie-regenerabila","tag-due-diligence-proiect-energie-regenerabilaachizitie-proiect-fotovoltaic-romania","tag-investitii-in-energie-regenerabila-in-romania","tag-parc-fotovoltaic-romania","tag-proiecte-energie-regenerabila-romania","tag-racordare-la-retea-energie-regenerabila","tag-teren-agricol-parc-fotovoltaic"],"yoast_head":"\nInvesti\u021bii \u00een energie regenerabil\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia: ghid juridic - 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