{"id":562,"date":"2026-11-11T16:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-11-11T16:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adesman.ro\/?p=562"},"modified":"2026-11-10T18:36:16","modified_gmt":"2026-11-10T18:36:16","slug":"forderungseinzug-rumaenien-mahnverfahren-zwangsvollstreckung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adesman.ro\/de\/recuperarea-creantelor-romania-ordonanta-de-plata-executare-silita\/","title":{"rendered":"Forderungseinzug in Rum\u00e4nien: Zahlungsaufforderung, Zahlungsbefehlsverfahren, europ\u00e4ische Verfahren und Zwangsvollstreckung"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un furnizor din Germania, Italia sau Turcia livreaz\u0103 m\u0103rfuri unui client din Rom\u00e2nia, \u00eens\u0103 facturile emise r\u0103m\u00e2n neachitate, iar o societate rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 urm\u0103re\u0219te recuperarea unor crean\u021be de la un partener comercial aflat \u00een dificultate financiar\u0103. \u00cen asemenea situa\u021bii, creditorul poate avea la dispozi\u021bie, \u00een func\u021bie de particularit\u0103\u021bile raportului juridic \u0219i de condi\u021biile legale aplicabile, mai multe modalit\u0103\u021bi de recuperare a crean\u021bei, precum negocierea amiabil\u0103, procedura ordonan\u021bei de plat\u0103, procedura cererilor cu valoare redus\u0103, procedurile europene de recuperare a crean\u021belor sau ac\u021biunea de drept comun, urmate, atunci c\u00e2nd este necesar \u0219i \u00een condi\u021biile legii, de executarea silit\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alegerea depinde de valoarea crean\u021bei, de documente \u0219i de riscul unei contesta\u021bii. Regulile principale se g\u0103sesc \u00een Legea nr. 134\/2010 privind Codul de procedur\u0103 civil\u0103, republicat\u0103 (\u201eC.pr.civ.\u201d), \u0219i \u00een Legea nr. 287\/2009 privind Codul civil, republicat\u0103 (\u201eCodul civil\u201d), iar pentru litigiile transfrontaliere, \u00een regulamentele Uniunii Europene.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<aside class=\"tldr\" data-adesman aria-labelledby=\"tldr1\"><div class=\"tldr__head\"><p class=\"tldr__title\" id=\"tldr1\">Pe scurt<\/p><\/div><ul class=\"tldr__list\" role=\"list\"><li style=\"--i:0\"><svg class=\"tldr__tick\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M4.5 10.5l3.6 3.6L15.5 6\"\/><\/svg><span>De regul\u0103, \u00eenainte de orice litigiu, debitorul trebuie notificat; pentru ordonan\u021ba de plat\u0103, soma\u021bia prealabil\u0103 este obligatorie.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"--i:1\"><svg class=\"tldr__tick\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M4.5 10.5l3.6 3.6L15.5 6\"\/><\/svg><span>Procedura ordonan\u021bei de plat\u0103 se folose\u0219te pentru crean\u021be certe, lichide \u0219i exigibile, constatate printr-un \u00eenscris, f\u0103r\u0103 limit\u0103 de valoare.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"--i:2\"><svg class=\"tldr__tick\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M4.5 10.5l3.6 3.6L15.5 6\"\/><\/svg><span>Procedura cererii cu valoare redus\u0103 se poate folosi pentru crean\u021be de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 50.000 lei, f\u0103r\u0103 a fi incluse dob\u00e2nzi \u0219i cheltuieli.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"--i:3\"><svg class=\"tldr__tick\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M4.5 10.5l3.6 3.6L15.5 6\"\/><\/svg><span>\u00cen litigiile transfrontaliere care \u00eendeplinesc condi\u021biile prev\u0103zute de regulamentele europene, creditorii pot utiliza procedura soma\u021biei europene de plat\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 plafon valoric, sau procedura european\u0103 privind cererile cu valoare redus\u0103, pentru crean\u021be care nu dep\u0103\u0219esc 5.000 EUR, f\u0103r\u0103 dob\u00e2nzi \u0219i cheltuieli.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"--i:4\"><svg class=\"tldr__tick\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M4.5 10.5l3.6 3.6L15.5 6\"\/><\/svg><span>Dreptul material la ac\u021biune se prescrie, de regul\u0103, \u00een 3 ani, iar executarea silit\u0103 se face numai prin executor judec\u0103toresc, dup\u0103 \u00eencuviin\u021barea instan\u021bei.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/aside>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-etapa-amiabila-notificarea-si-punerea-in-intarziere\">1. Etapa amiabil\u0103: notificarea \u0219i punerea \u00een \u00eent\u00e2rziere<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Primul pas recomandat pentru recuperarea unei crean\u021be este transmiterea unei notific\u0103ri scrise prin care creditorul indic\u0103 suma datorat\u0103, documentele justificative (contracte, facturi, procese-verbale de recep\u021bie) \u0219i termenul acordat pentru efectuarea pl\u0103\u021bii, aceast\u0103 etap\u0103 put\u00e2nd conduce la achitarea voluntar\u0103 a debitului sau la negocierea unei e\u0219alon\u0103ri \u0219i constituind, totodat\u0103, un mijloc de prob\u0103 \u00een eventualitatea unui litigiu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Debitorul poate fi pus \u00een \u00eent\u00e2rziere prin notificare sau prin cererea de chemare \u00een judecat\u0103 (art. 1.522 alin. (1) din Codul civil). Pentru obliga\u021biile de plat\u0103 asumate \u00een exerci\u021biul activit\u0103\u021bii unei \u00eentreprinderi, debitorul este \u00een \u00eent\u00e2rziere de drept la scaden\u021b\u0103 (art. 1.523 din Codul civil).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notificarea se trimite la sediul social al debitorului, prin executor judec\u0103toresc sau prin scrisoare recomandat\u0103 cu con\u021binut declarat \u0219i confirmare de primire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-ordonanta-de-plata\">2. Ordonan\u021ba de plat\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ordonan\u021ba de plat\u0103 (art. 1.014\u20131.025 C.pr.civ.) este procedura special\u0103 cea mai folosit\u0103 de creditorii cu documente clare \u0219i nu are limit\u0103 de valoare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>condi\u021bii: crean\u021b\u0103 cert\u0103, lichid\u0103 \u0219i exigibil\u0103, const\u00e2nd \u00een plata unei sume de bani, care rezult\u0103 dintr-un contract civil, inclusiv dintr-un contract cu o autoritate contractant\u0103, \u0219i este constatat\u0103 printr-un \u00eenscris sau determinat\u0103 potrivit unui \u00eenscris \u00eensu\u0219it de p\u0103r\u021bi [art. 1.014 alin. (1) C.pr.civ.]; procedura nu se aplic\u0103 crean\u021belor \u00eenscrise la masa credal\u0103 \u00een insolven\u021b\u0103;<\/li>\n\n\n<li>soma\u021bia prealabil\u0103: creditorul comunic\u0103 debitorului, prin executor judec\u0103toresc sau prin scrisoare recomandat\u0103 cu con\u021binut declarat \u0219i confirmare de primire, o soma\u021bie de plat\u0103 prin care \u00eei acord\u0103 un termen de 15 zile de la primire pentru achitarea datoriei, potrivit art. 1.015 C.pr.civ.;<\/li>\n\n\n<li>soma\u021bia poate \u00eentrerupe prescrip\u021bia extinctiv\u0103 \u00een condi\u021biile art. 2.540 din Codul civil, dac\u0103 este urmat\u0103 de introducerea cererii \u00een termen de 6 luni, iar neata\u0219area dovezii comunic\u0103rii soma\u021biei atrage respingerea cererii ca inadmisibil\u0103, conform art. 1.017 alin. (2) C.pr.civ.;<\/li>\n\n\n<li>instan\u021ba: cea competent\u0103 s\u0103 judece fondul \u00een prim\u0103 instan\u021b\u0103 (art. 1.016 C.pr.civ.), adic\u0103 judec\u0103toria pentru crean\u021be \u00een valoare de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 200.000 lei inclusiv sau tribunalul, \u00een cazul crean\u021belor care dep\u0103\u0219esc acest prag;<\/li>\n\n\n<li>ordonan\u021ba: instan\u021ba stabile\u0219te un termen de plat\u0103 de cel pu\u021bin 10 \u0219i cel mult 30 de zile de la comunicare (art. 1.022 alin. (3) C.pr.civ.); procedura se finalizeaz\u0103, ca regul\u0103, \u00een 45 de zile, f\u0103r\u0103 durata comunic\u0103rii actelor (art. 1.023 C.pr.civ.);<\/li>\n\n\n<li>calea de atac: debitorul poate formula cerere \u00een anulare \u00een termen de 10 zile de la \u00eenm\u00e2narea sau comunicarea ordonan\u021bei (art. 1.024 C.pr.civ.), iar ordonan\u021ba este executorie chiar dac\u0103 este atacat\u0103 (art. 1.025 C.pr.civ.).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 debitorul contest\u0103 crean\u021ba, iar instan\u021ba respinge cererea, creditorul poate introduce o ac\u021biune de drept comun (art. 1.021 C.pr.civ.). Taxa judiciar\u0103 de timbru este fix\u0103, \u00een cuantum de 200 lei [art. 6 alin. (2) din Ordonan\u021ba de urgen\u021b\u0103 a Guvernului nr. 80\/2013 privind taxele judiciare de timbru (\u201eOUG nr. 80\/2013\u201d)].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-cererea-cu-valoare-redusa\">3. Cererea cu valoare redus\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Procedura cu privire la cererile de valoare redus\u0103 (art. 1.026\u20131.033 C.pr.civ.) se aplic\u0103 dac\u0103 valoarea cererii, f\u0103r\u0103 dob\u00e2nzi, cheltuieli de judecat\u0103 \u0219i alte accesorii, nu dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te 50.000 lei la data sesiz\u0103rii instan\u021bei. Pragul a fost majorat de la 10.000 lei prin Legea nr. 57\/2025, publicat\u0103 \u00een Monitorul Oficial al Rom\u00e2niei, Partea I, nr. 433 din 12 mai 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>competent\u0103 este judec\u0103toria, iar cererea se depune pe formularul aprobat prin ordin al ministrului justi\u021biei;<\/li>\n\n\n<li>procedura este, ca regul\u0103, scris\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 citarea p\u0103r\u021bilor;<\/li>\n\n\n<li>taxa de timbru este de 50 lei p\u00e2n\u0103 la 2.000 lei \u0219i de 200 lei peste aceast\u0103 valoare (art. 6 alin. (1) din OUG nr. 80\/2013).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Procedura nu impune comunicarea unei soma\u021bii prealabile \u0219i nici existen\u021ba unui \u00eenscris \u00eensu\u0219it de debitor, put\u00e2nd reprezenta o alternativ\u0103 la ordonan\u021ba de plat\u0103 inclusiv atunci c\u00e2nd crean\u021ba este contestat\u0103, \u00een m\u0103sura \u00een care natura litigiului \u0219i probele necesare permit solu\u021bionarea acestuia \u00een cadrul procedurii speciale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-procedurile-europene-cand-le-alege-un-creditor-strain\">4. Procedurile europene: c\u00e2nd le alege un creditor str\u0103in<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cele dou\u0103 proceduri europene se aplic\u0103 litigiilor transfrontaliere \u00een materie civil\u0103 \u0219i comercial\u0103, respectiv atunci c\u00e2nd cel pu\u021bin una dintre p\u0103r\u021bi are domiciliul sau re\u0219edin\u021ba obi\u0219nuit\u0103 \u00eentr-un alt stat membru dec\u00e2t cel al instan\u021bei. Danemarca nu particip\u0103 la aceste proceduri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Regulamentul (CE) nr. 1896\/2006 al Parlamentului European \u0219i al Consiliului din 12 decembrie 2006 de instituire a unei proceduri europene de soma\u021bie de plat\u0103 (\u201eRegulamentul nr. 1896\/2006\u201d) se aplic\u0103 crean\u021belor pecuniare lichide \u0219i exigibile la data introducerii cererii, f\u0103r\u0103 limit\u0103 valoric\u0103; dac\u0103 debitorul nu formuleaz\u0103 opozi\u021bie \u00een 30 de zile, soma\u021bia devine executorie \u0219i poate fi executat\u0103 \u00een celelalte state membre participante f\u0103r\u0103 exequatur; \u00een cazul formul\u0103rii opozi\u021biei, litigiul continu\u0103 dup\u0103 dreptul comun;<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Regulamentul (CE) nr. 861\/2007 al Parlamentului European \u0219i al Consiliului din 11 iulie 2007 de stabilire a unei proceduri europene cu privire la cererile cu valoare redus\u0103 (\u201eRegulamentul nr. 861\/2007\u201d), modificat prin Regulamentul (UE) 2015\/2421, se aplic\u0103 cererilor a c\u0103ror valoare nu dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te 5.000 EUR, f\u0103r\u0103 includerea dob\u00e2nzilor, cheltuielilor \u0219i altor costuri, procedura fiind, ca regul\u0103, scris\u0103 \u0219i desf\u0103\u0219ur\u00e2ndu-se pe baza unor formulare standard, iar hot\u0103r\u00e2rea pronun\u021bat\u0103 fiind recunoscut\u0103 \u0219i executat\u0103 \u00een celelalte state membre participante f\u0103r\u0103 exequatur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un creditor din Germania, Austria, Italia, Fran\u021ba sau Spania poate utiliza procedurile europene \u00eempotriva unui debitor rom\u00e2n \u00een fa\u021ba instan\u021belor rom\u00e2ne competente sau, dup\u0103 caz, \u00een fa\u021ba instan\u021belor unui alt stat membru, dac\u0103 acestea au competen\u021b\u0103 jurisdic\u021bional\u0103 potrivit Regulamentului (UE) nr. 1215\/2012 al Parlamentului European \u0219i al Consiliului din 12 decembrie 2012 privind competen\u021ba judiciar\u0103, recunoa\u0219terea \u0219i executarea hot\u0103r\u00e2rilor \u00een materie civil\u0103 \u0219i comercial\u0103 (\u201eRegulamentul Bruxelles I bis\u201d), fiind relevante inclusiv locul livr\u0103rii bunurilor \u0219i eventualele conven\u021bii atributive de competen\u021b\u0103. Dac\u0103 exist\u0103 riscul unei contesta\u021bii, ordonan\u021ba de plat\u0103 sau cererea cu valoare redus\u0103 \u00een fa\u021ba instan\u021bei rom\u00e2ne sunt, de regul\u0103, mai rapide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un creditor din Turcia sau China care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 un debitor rom\u00e2n \u00een fa\u021ba unei instan\u021be rom\u00e2ne nu \u00eendepline\u0219te, \u00een aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie, condi\u021bia caracterului transfrontalier, deoarece niciuna dintre p\u0103r\u021bi nu are domiciliul \u00een alt stat membru dec\u00e2t cel al instan\u021bei sesizate, put\u00e2nd utiliza procedurile na\u021bionale de recuperare a crean\u021belor. Cererea de soma\u021bie european\u0103 de plat\u0103 este supus\u0103 taxei de timbru de 200 lei (art. 6 alin. (2) din OUG nr. 80\/2013).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"adesman-cta-lead wp-block-paragraph\">Ave\u021bi facturi nepl\u0103tite de un client din Rom\u00e2nia? Analiz\u0103m documentele \u0219i v\u0103 propunem procedura potrivit\u0103 pentru crean\u021ba dumneavoastr\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"cta-line\"><a class=\"btn\" href=\"https:\/\/adesman.ro\/ro\/contact\/\"><span class=\"btn__label\">Programa\u021bi o discu\u021bie<\/span><span class=\"btn__icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M5 12h13M13 6l6 6-6 6\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"5-actiunea-de-drept-comun-si-competenta-instantelor\">5. Ac\u021biunea de drept comun \u0219i competen\u021ba instan\u021belor<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Simpla contestare a crean\u021bei nu exclude ordonan\u021ba de plat\u0103 sau procedura cererilor cu valoare redus\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ac\u021biunea de drept comun este \u00een special adecvat\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd solu\u021bionarea litigiului presupune administrarea unui probatoriu complex, incompatibil cu procedurile speciale, ori c\u00e2nd nu sunt \u00eendeplinite condi\u021biile de admisibilitate ale acestora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De asemenea, solicitarea de daune-interese nu impune automat utilizarea dreptului comun. Spre exemplu, dob\u00e2nzile \u0219i anumite desp\u0103gubiri aferente \u00eent\u00e2rzierii la plat\u0103 pot fi valorificate \u0219i prin proceduri speciale, \u00een condi\u021biile legii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Astfel:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>competen\u021ba material\u0103: judec\u0103toria pentru cererile de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 200.000 lei inclusiv, tribunalul peste aceast\u0103 valoare (art. 94 pct. 1 lit. k) \u0219i art. 95 C.pr.civ.);<\/li>\n\n\n<li>competen\u021ba teritorial\u0103: de regul\u0103, instan\u021ba de la sediul debitorului; pentru crean\u021bele contractuale, \u0219i instan\u021ba locului de executare a obliga\u021biei indicat \u00een contract;<\/li>\n\n\n<li>\u00een litigiile cu element de extraneitate din UE se aplic\u0103 Regulamentul Bruxelles I bis; o clauz\u0103 de alegere a instan\u021bei sau o clauz\u0103 arbitral\u0103 poate schimba instan\u021ba competent\u0103;<\/li>\n\n\n<li>taxa judiciar\u0103 de timbru se calculeaz\u0103 propor\u021bional cu valoarea cererii (art. 3 din OUG nr. 80\/2013).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Despre efectul c\u0103ilor de atac asupra recuper\u0103rii am scris \u00een articolul despre <a href=\"https:\/\/adesman.ro\/ro\/litigiu-comercial-castigat-cale-de-atac-recuperare-creanta\/\">litigiul comercial c\u00e2\u0219tigat \u0219i recuperarea crean\u021bei<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"6-masurile-asiguratorii-sechestrul-si-poprirea\">6. M\u0103surile asigur\u0103torii: sechestrul \u0219i poprirea<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru ca debitorul s\u0103 nu \u00ee\u0219i \u00eenstr\u0103ineze bunurile \u00een timpul procesului, creditorul poate cere instan\u021bei m\u0103suri asigur\u0103torii, care le indisponibilizeaz\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la ob\u021binerea titlului executoriu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>sechestrul asigur\u0103tor asupra bunurilor mobile \u0219i imobile: creditorul cu o crean\u021b\u0103 constatat\u0103 \u00een scris \u0219i exigibil\u0103, care a introdus ac\u021biunea, \u00eel poate solicita, iar instan\u021ba \u00eel poate obliga la plata unei cau\u021biuni; dac\u0103 crean\u021ba nu este constatat\u0103 \u00een scris, cau\u021biunea este de jum\u0103tate din valoarea sumei solicitate (art. 953 alin. (1) \u0219i (2) C.pr.civ.);<\/li>\n\n\n<li>sechestrul poate fi \u00eencuviin\u021bat \u0219i pentru o crean\u021b\u0103 neexigibil\u0103, dac\u0103 exist\u0103 pericolul ca debitorul s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i ascund\u0103 averea (art. 953 alin. (3) C.pr.civ.);<\/li>\n\n\n<li>poprirea asigur\u0103torie asupra sumelor datorate debitorului de ter\u021bi, inclusiv asupra conturilor bancare (art. 970\u2013971 C.pr.civ.), creditorul nefiind obligat s\u0103 individualizeze institu\u021biile bancare \u00een cererea de poprire;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"7-executarea-silita\">7. Executarea silit\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pot constitui titluri executorii, \u00een condi\u021biile legii, ordonan\u021ba de plat\u0103, hot\u0103r\u00e2rea pronun\u021bat\u0103 \u00een procedura cererilor cu valoare redus\u0103, hot\u0103r\u00e2rile judec\u0103tore\u0219ti definitive pronun\u021bate \u00een ac\u021biunile de drept comun, soma\u021bia european\u0103 de plat\u0103 declarat\u0103 executorie, \u00eenscrisurile autentice notariale care \u00eendeplinesc condi\u021biile legale, precum \u0219i titlurile de credit, inclusiv cambia, biletul la ordin \u0219i cecul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Astfel:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>executarea silit\u0103 se realizeaz\u0103 numai prin intermediul unui executor judec\u0103toresc, numit de ministrul justi\u021biei, competen\u021ba teritorial\u0103 a acestuia fiind determinat\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de modalitatea de executare, de locul situ\u0103rii bunurilor urm\u0103rite sau de domiciliul ori sediul debitorului (art. 652 C.pr.civ.);<\/li>\n\n\n<li>executorul judec\u0103toresc solicit\u0103 instan\u021bei, \u00een cel mult 3 zile de la cererea creditorului, \u00eencuviin\u021barea execut\u0103rii silite, iar instan\u021ba solu\u021bioneaz\u0103 cererea \u00een cel mult 7 zile de la \u00eenregistrarea acesteia, \u00een camera de consiliu, f\u0103r\u0103 citarea p\u0103r\u021bilor, hot\u0103r\u00e2rile judec\u0103tore\u0219ti \u0219i celelalte titluri executorii nemaifiind supuse procedurii distincte de \u00eenvestire cu formul\u0103 executorie (art. 666 C.pr.civ.);<\/li>\n\n\n<li>\u00eencuviin\u021barea execut\u0103rii silite produce efecte pe \u00eentreg teritoriul Rom\u00e2niei, iar creditorul poate solicita, simultan sau succesiv, utilizarea modalit\u0103\u021bilor de executare prev\u0103zute de lege, inclusiv poprirea conturilor bancare \u0219i urm\u0103rirea bunurilor mobile \u0219i imobile; debitorul se poate ap\u0103ra prin contesta\u021bia la executare.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hot\u0103r\u00e2rile judec\u0103tore\u0219ti pronun\u021bate \u00een alte state membre ale Uniunii Europene care intr\u0103 \u00een domeniul de aplicare al Regulamentului Bruxelles I bis pot fi executate \u00een Rom\u00e2nia f\u0103r\u0103 parcurgerea unei proceduri distincte de declarare a caracterului executoriu (exequatur), \u00een timp ce hot\u0103r\u00e2rile pronun\u021bate \u00een state ter\u021be sunt supuse, ca regul\u0103, procedurilor de recunoa\u0219tere \u0219i \u00eencuviin\u021bare a execut\u0103rii prev\u0103zute de legisla\u021bia rom\u00e2n\u0103, sub rezerva dispozi\u021biilor conven\u021biilor interna\u021bionale aplicabile. Detalii \u00een articolul despre <a href=\"https:\/\/adesman.ro\/ro\/executare-hotarari-straine-romania\/\">executarea hot\u0103r\u00e2rilor str\u0103ine \u00een Rom\u00e2nia<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"8-dobanzile-pentru-intarziere\">8. Dob\u00e2nzile pentru \u00eent\u00e2rziere<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>dac\u0103 p\u0103r\u021bile au stabilit o dob\u00e2nd\u0103 penalizatoare sau penalit\u0103\u021bi \u00een contract, se aplic\u0103 acestea, \u00een limitele legii; altfel, se aplic\u0103 dob\u00e2nda legal\u0103 penalizatoare;<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Ordonan\u021ba nr. 13\/2011 privind dob\u00e2nda legal\u0103 remuneratorie \u0219i penalizatoare pentru obliga\u021bii b\u0103ne\u0219ti, precum \u0219i pentru reglementarea unor m\u0103suri financiar-fiscale \u00een domeniul bancar (\u201eOrdonan\u021ba nr. 13\/2011\u201d) stabile\u0219te dob\u00e2nda legal\u0103 prin raportare la rata de referin\u021b\u0103 a B\u0103ncii Na\u021bionale a Rom\u00e2niei (\u201eBNR\u201d); \u00een raporturile dintre profesioni\u0219ti \u0219i dintre ace\u0219tia \u0219i autorit\u0103\u021bile contractante, dob\u00e2nda legal\u0103 penalizatoare este egal\u0103 cu rata de referin\u021b\u0103 a BNR, plus 8 puncte procentuale [art. 3 alin. (2\u00b9) din Ordonan\u021ba nr. 13\/2011];<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Legea nr. 72\/2013 privind m\u0103surile pentru combaterea \u00eent\u00e2rzierii \u00een executarea obliga\u021biilor de plat\u0103 a unor sume de bani rezult\u00e2nd din contracte \u00eencheiate \u00eentre profesioni\u0219ti \u0219i \u00eentre ace\u0219tia \u0219i autorit\u0103\u021bi contractante (\u201eLegea nr. 72\/2013\u201d) stabile\u0219te, ca regul\u0103, un termen de plat\u0103 de 60 de zile calendaristice \u00een raporturile dintre profesioni\u0219ti \u0219i de 30 de zile calendaristice pentru autorit\u0103\u021bile contractante, creditorul av\u00e2nd posibilitatea de a solicita o sum\u0103 minim\u0103 echivalent\u0103 cu 40 EUR cu titlu de daune-interese suplimentare;<\/li>\n\n\n<li>clauzele contractuale care exclud posibilitatea aplic\u0103rii dob\u00e2nzilor penalizatoare sau stabilesc dob\u00e2nzi penalizatoare inferioare dob\u00e2nzii legale penalizatoare sunt calificate ca fiind abuzive, fiind lovite de nulitate absolut\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"9-prescriptia\">9. Prescrip\u021bia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dreptul material la ac\u021biune se prescrie, ca regul\u0103, \u00een termen de 3 ani (art. 2.517 din Codul civil). Prescrip\u021bia se \u00eentrerupe, printre altele, prin recunoa\u0219terea expres\u0103 sau tacit\u0103 a datoriei (de exemplu, o plat\u0103 par\u021bial\u0103), prin cererea de chemare \u00een judecat\u0103 sau prin transmiterea soma\u021biei din cadrul procedurii ordonan\u021bei de plat\u0103. Dup\u0103 ob\u021binerea titlului executoriu, dreptul de a cere executarea silit\u0103 se prescrie, de asemenea, \u00een termen de 3 ani, dac\u0103 legea nu prevede altfel [art. 706 alin. (1) C.pr.civ.].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"10-insolventa-debitorului\">10. Insolven\u021ba debitorului<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Creditorul care de\u021bine o crean\u021b\u0103 cert\u0103, lichid\u0103 \u0219i exigibil\u0103 de mai mult de 60 de zile poate solicita deschiderea procedurii insolven\u021bei \u00eempotriva debitorului, dac\u0103 valoarea crean\u021bei, dup\u0103 compensarea eventualelor datorii reciproce, dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te pragul de 50.000 lei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Potrivit Legii nr. 85\/2014 privind procedurile de prevenire a insolven\u021bei \u0219i de insolven\u021b\u0103 (\u201eLegea nr. 85\/2014\u201d), de la data deschiderii procedurii insolven\u021bei se suspend\u0103 de drept ac\u021biunile judiciare, extrajudiciare \u0219i execut\u0103rile silite av\u00e2nd ca obiect recuperarea crean\u021belor asupra averii debitorului, cu excep\u021biile prev\u0103zute de art. 75 alin. (2) din Legea nr. 85\/2014.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Creditorii ale c\u0103ror crean\u021be sunt anterioare deschiderii procedurii trebuie, ca regul\u0103, s\u0103 depun\u0103 la tribunal cereri de admitere a crean\u021belor \u00een termenul stabilit prin hot\u0103r\u00e2rea de deschidere a procedurii, termen care nu poate dep\u0103\u0219i, \u00een principiu, 45 de zile de la deschidere, indiferent dac\u0103 de\u021bin sau nu un titlu executoriu. Nerespectarea termenului atrage, ca regul\u0103, dec\u0103derea din dreptul de a fi \u00eenscris \u00een tabelul crean\u021belor (art. 114 din Legea nr. 85\/2014).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"11-limba-documentelor-si-traducerile\">11. Limba documentelor \u0219i traducerile<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>procesul civil se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 (art. 18 C.pr.civ.);<\/li>\n\n\n<li>\u00eenscrisurile \u00eentr-o limb\u0103 str\u0103in\u0103 se depun \u00een copie certificat\u0103, \u00eenso\u021bite de traducerea legalizat\u0103 a unui traduc\u0103tor autorizat (art. 150 C.pr.civ.);<\/li>\n\n\n<li>formularele europene depuse la o instan\u021b\u0103 rom\u00e2n\u0103 se completeaz\u0103 \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ce-trebuie-sa-faceti\">Ce trebuie s\u0103 face\u021bi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Str\u00e2nge\u021bi contractul, facturile, dovezile de livrare \u0219i coresponden\u021ba \u00een care debitorul a recunoscut datoria.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Verifica\u021bi debitorul la ONRC \u0219i \u00een Buletinul procedurilor de insolven\u021b\u0103 \u0219i calcula\u021bi termenul de prescrip\u021bie.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Trimite\u021bi notificarea sau soma\u021bia prin executor sau prin scrisoare recomandat\u0103 cu con\u021binut declarat \u0219i confirmare de primire.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Alege\u021bi procedura \u00een func\u021bie de valoare, de riscul unei contesta\u021bii \u0219i de sediul p\u0103r\u021bilor.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Analiza\u021bi o cerere de sechestru asigur\u0103tor sau de poprire asigur\u0103torie \u00eenainte ca debitorul s\u0103 afle de proces.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Dac\u0103 sunte\u021bi o societate str\u0103in\u0103, preg\u0103ti\u021bi traducerile legalizate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"intrebari-frecvente\">\u00centreb\u0103ri frecvente<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cat-dureaza-recuperarea-unei-creante-in-romania\">C\u00e2t dureaz\u0103 recuperarea unei crean\u021be \u00een Rom\u00e2nia?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ordonan\u021ba de plat\u0103 se solu\u021bioneaz\u0103, ca regul\u0103, \u00een 45 de zile, f\u0103r\u0103 perioada de comunicare a actelor; o ac\u021biune de drept comun cu apel poate dura unul sau doi ani. Executarea depinde de bunurile debitorului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ce-este-ordonanta-de-plata\">Ce este ordonan\u021ba de plat\u0103?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O procedur\u0103 special\u0103 prin care orice creditor, rom\u00e2n sau str\u0103in, ob\u021bine un titlu executoriu pentru o crean\u021b\u0103 cert\u0103, lichid\u0103 \u0219i exigibil\u0103, dup\u0103 o soma\u021bie de plat\u0103 de 15 zile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"poate-o-firma-din-germania-sau-austria-sa-foloseasca-somatia-europeana-de-plata-impotriva-unui-debitor-roman\">Poate o firm\u0103 din Germania sau Austria s\u0103 foloseasc\u0103 soma\u021bia european\u0103 de plat\u0103 \u00eempotriva unui debitor rom\u00e2n?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Da. Soma\u021bia european\u0103 este eficient\u0103 dac\u0103 debitorul nu contest\u0103; dac\u0103 formuleaz\u0103 opozi\u021bie \u00een 30 de zile, litigiul continu\u0103 potrivit dreptului comun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"care-este-pragul-pentru-cererea-cu-valoare-redusa-in-romania\">Care este pragul pentru cererea cu valoare redus\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">50.000 lei \u00een procedura na\u021bional\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 dob\u00e2nzi \u0219i cheltuieli, potrivit C.pr.civ., \u0219i 5.000 EUR \u00een procedura european\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"in-cat-timp-se-prescrie-o-factura-neplatita\">\u00cen c\u00e2t timp se prescrie o factur\u0103 nepl\u0103tit\u0103?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De regul\u0103, \u00een 3 ani de la scaden\u021b\u0103. Termenul se \u00eentrerupe dac\u0103 debitorul recunoa\u0219te datoria, dac\u0103 creditorul introduce o cerere \u00een instan\u021b\u0103 sau comunic\u0103 soma\u021bia din procedura ordonan\u021bei de plat\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Adesman &amp; Asocia\u021bii asist\u0103 creditori rom\u00e2ni \u0219i str\u0103ini \u00een recuperarea crean\u021belor, de la notificarea debitorului \u0219i procedurile speciale p\u00e2n\u0103 la m\u0103surile asigur\u0103torii, executarea silit\u0103 \u0219i declararea crean\u021belor \u00een insolven\u021b\u0103. Afla\u021bi mai multe despre practica noastr\u0103 de <a href=\"https:\/\/adesman.ro\/ro\/litigii-arbitraje\/\">litigii \u0219i arbitraje<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"adesman-cta-lead wp-block-paragraph\">Ave\u021bi de recuperat o crean\u021b\u0103 de la un debitor din Rom\u00e2nia? Discuta\u021bi cu echipa noastr\u0103 de litigii.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"cta-line\"><a class=\"btn\" href=\"https:\/\/adesman.ro\/ro\/contact\/\"><span class=\"btn__label\">Contacta\u021bi-ne<\/span><span class=\"btn__icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M5 12h13M13 6l6 6-6 6\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Materialul are caracter exclusiv informativ \u0219i general \u0219i nu reprezint\u0103 consultan\u021b\u0103 juridic\u0103. Regimul juridic aplicabil trebuie analizat \u00een func\u021bie de situa\u021bia concret\u0103 a fiec\u0103rei crean\u021be \u0219i de legisla\u021bia \u00een vigoare la data analizei.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Forderungseinzug in Rum\u00e4nien: Zahlungsaufforderung, Mahnverfahren, geringf\u00fcgige Forderungen, Europ\u00e4ischer Zahlungsbefehl, Sicherung und Vollstreckung.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":563,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-562","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-litigii"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Recuperarea crean\u021belor \u00een Rom\u00e2nia: ghid pentru creditori<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Recuperarea crean\u021belor \u00een Rom\u00e2nia: soma\u021bia, ordonan\u021ba de plat\u0103, cererea cu valoare redus\u0103, soma\u021bia european\u0103 de plat\u0103, m\u0103suri asigur\u0103torii \u0219i executarea silit\u0103.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adesman.ro\/de\/forderungseinzug-rumaenien-mahnverfahren-zwangsvollstreckung\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Recuperarea crean\u021belor \u00een Rom\u00e2nia: ghid pentru creditori\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Recuperarea crean\u021belor \u00een Rom\u00e2nia: soma\u021bia, ordonan\u021ba de plat\u0103, cererea cu valoare redus\u0103, soma\u021bia european\u0103 de plat\u0103, m\u0103suri asigur\u0103torii \u0219i executarea silit\u0103.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/adesman.ro\/de\/forderungseinzug-rumaenien-mahnverfahren-zwangsvollstreckung\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Adesman &amp; 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