{"id":282,"date":"2026-09-22T19:33:10","date_gmt":"2026-09-22T19:33:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adesman.ro\/?p=282"},"modified":"2026-09-22T20:24:07","modified_gmt":"2026-09-22T20:24:07","slug":"investitii-energie-regenerabila","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adesman.ro\/de\/investitii-energie-regenerabila\/","title":{"rendered":"Investi\u021bii \u00een energie regenerabil\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia: ghid juridic"},"content":{"rendered":"

Investi\u021bii \u00een energie regenerabil\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia: terenuri, racordare la re\u021bea \u0219i autorizare<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Rom\u00e2nia r\u0103m\u00e2ne o pia\u021b\u0103 atractiv\u0103 pentru investi\u021biile \u00een energie regenerabil\u0103, \u00een special \u00een proiecte de energie solar\u0103, energie eolian\u0103 onshore \u0219i stocare a energiei. Cu toate acestea, dezvoltarea sau achizi\u021bia unui proiect de energie regenerabil\u0103 necesit\u0103 o coordonare atent\u0103 \u00eentre drepturile asupra terenului, cerin\u021bele de urbanism \u0219i construire, racordarea la re\u021bea, autorizarea din perspectiva protec\u021biei mediului \u0219i autorizarea ANRE<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Modific\u0103rile legislative recente, inclusiv noul cadru normativ din Rom\u00e2nia \u00een materia urbanismului \u0219i construc\u021biilor \u0219i introducerea, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu anul 2026, a unui mecanism concuren\u021bial de alocare a capacit\u0103\u021bii re\u021belei, fac ca efectuarea unui due diligence juridic \u00eentr-o etap\u0103 incipient\u0103 s\u0103 fie cu at\u00e2t mai important\u0103 pentru investitori.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Securizarea terenului pentru investi\u021bii \u00een energie regenerabil\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Potrivit Codului amenaj\u0103rii teritoriului, urbanismului \u0219i construc\u021biilor, intrat \u00een vigoare \u00een august 2026, proiectele de energie regenerabil\u0103 se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 \u00een categoria lucr\u0103rilor inginere\u0219ti, \u00eentruc\u00e2t constituie infrastructur\u0103 energetic\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aceast\u0103 clasificare este relevant\u0103 pentru procesul de autorizare. \u00cen special, certificatul de urbanism pentru realizarea unor lucr\u0103ri inginere\u0219ti poate fi solicitat \u0219i emis f\u0103r\u0103 ca solicitantul s\u0103 de\u021bin\u0103 un drept real principal asupra terenului \u00een cauz\u0103. \u00cen consecin\u021b\u0103, dezvoltatorul unui proiect de energie regenerabil\u0103 nu este obligat s\u0103 de\u021bin\u0103 dreptul de proprietate asupra terenului aferent proiectului sau un drept de superficie la momentul ob\u021binerii certificatului de urbanism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu toate acestea, \u00eenainte de executarea lucr\u0103rilor de construire, dezvoltatorul trebuie s\u0103 securizeze dreptul asupra terenului necesar pentru emiterea \u0219i punerea \u00een aplicare a autoriza\u021biei de construire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cenainte de securizarea unui amplasament, investitorii ar trebui s\u0103 verifice nu numai titlul de proprietate \u0219i eventualele sarcini, ci \u0219i situa\u021bia cadastral\u0103, categoria de folosin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i regimul agricol al terenului, drepturile de acces, restric\u021biile urbanistice \u0219i posibilitatea utiliz\u0103rii terenului at\u00e2t pentru proiect, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru infrastructura necesar\u0103 racord\u0103rii acestuia la re\u021bea<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Terenurile agricole situate \u00een extravilan<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Numeroase proiecte de energie regenerabil\u0103 din Rom\u00e2nia sunt dezvoltate pe terenuri agricole situate \u00een extravilan. Legea nr. 18\/1991<\/a> instituie un regim specific care permite, sub rezerva \u00eendeplinirii condi\u021biilor prev\u0103zute de lege, dezvoltarea pe anumite categorii de terenuri agricole a capacit\u0103\u021bilor de producere a energiei solare \u0219i eoliene, a unit\u0103\u021bilor de stocare a energiei electrice, a sta\u021biilor de transformare \u0219i a infrastructurii aferente, \u00een general \u00een limita legal\u0103 de 50 de hectare<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dezvoltarea proiectului poate necesita scoaterea definitiv\u0103 sau temporar\u0103 din circuitul agricol a suprafe\u021bei relevante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Legisla\u021bia rom\u00e2n\u0103 permite, de asemenea, \u00een anumite situa\u021bii, utilizarea dual\u0103 a terenurilor agricole, at\u00e2t pentru activit\u0103\u021bi agricole, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru producerea energiei electrice din surse regenerabile<\/strong>. Acest regim poate permite scoaterea din circuitul agricol numai a suprafe\u021bei efectiv ocupate de infrastructura energetic\u0103, \u00een timp ce suprafa\u021ba r\u0103mas\u0103 continu\u0103 s\u0103 fie utilizat\u0103 \u00een scopuri agricole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Racordarea la re\u021bea \u0219i ATR<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Racordarea la re\u021bea reprezint\u0103 din ce \u00een ce mai mult unul dintre principalele riscuri de dezvoltare pentru proiectele de energie regenerabil\u0103 din Rom\u00e2nia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Procedura general\u0103 este reglementat\u0103 de Regulamentul ANRE aprobat prin Ordinul nr. 59\/2013<\/strong>, cu modific\u0103rile \u0219i complet\u0103rile ulterioare. Aceasta presupune, \u00een general, depunerea cererii de racordare, stabilirea solu\u021biei de racordare, emiterea Avizului Tehnic de Racordare (ATR<\/strong>), \u00eencheierea contractului de racordare, realizarea \u0219i punerea \u00een func\u021biune a instala\u021biilor de racordare \u0219i, \u00een final, emiterea certificatului de racordare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ATR stabile\u0219te condi\u021biile tehnice \u00een care proiectul poate fi racordat la re\u021beaua electric\u0103 de interes public.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prin urmare, pentru investitorii care achizi\u021bioneaz\u0103 un proiect, simpla existen\u021b\u0103 a unui ATR nu este suficient\u0103. Due diligence-ul ar trebui s\u0103 analizeze \u0219i valabilitatea acestuia, capacitatea aprobat\u0103, punctul de racordare, lucr\u0103rile de \u00eent\u0103rire a re\u021belei, costurile, garan\u021biile \u0219i termenele de implementare<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Noul mecanism de alocare a capacit\u0103\u021bii re\u021belei<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

O evolu\u021bie deosebit de important\u0103 pentru investitori este introducerea mecanismului de alocare a capacit\u0103\u021bii re\u021belei pentru proiectele relevante cu o putere instalat\u0103 de cel pu\u021bin 5 MW<\/strong>, aplicabil \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu 1 ianuarie 2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Potrivit metodologiei aprobate prin Ordinul ANRE nr. 53\/2024<\/a>, capacitatea disponibil\u0103 a re\u021belei pentru proiectele care intr\u0103 \u00een domeniul s\u0103u de aplicare este alocat\u0103 printr-un mecanism concuren\u021bial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 accesul la capacitatea re\u021belei trebuie tratat \u00een prezent ca un risc investi\u021bional esen\u021bial, iar nu doar ca o chestiune tehnic\u0103 aferent\u0103 procesului de autorizare<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Investitorii ar trebui s\u0103 stabileasc\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 dintr-o etap\u0103 incipient\u0103 dac\u0103 proiectul intr\u0103 sub inciden\u021ba mecanismului de alocare a capacit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i s\u0103 analizeze capacitatea disponibil\u0103, stadiul procesului de alocare, pl\u0103\u021bile aplicabile \u0219i garan\u021biile financiare, calendarul racord\u0103rii, precum \u0219i consecin\u021bele nerespect\u0103rii etapelor de dezvoltare impuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Acest aspect este deosebit de relevant \u00een cazul achizi\u021biei unor proiecte prezentate drept \u201eready-to-build\u201d sau aflate \u00eentr-un stadiu avansat de dezvoltare: drepturile asupra terenului \u0219i autoriza\u021biile au o valoare limitat\u0103 dac\u0103 proiectul nu dispune de o solu\u021bie viabil\u0103 \u0219i securizat\u0103 din punct de vedere juridic pentru racordarea la re\u021bea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Autorizarea \u0219i licen\u021bierea ANRE<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Racordarea la re\u021bea este distinct\u0103 de regimul de autorizare \u0219i licen\u021biere administrat de Autoritatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de Reglementare \u00een domeniul Energiei (ANRE<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Potrivit Legii nr. 123\/2012, proiectele care dep\u0103\u0219esc pragul prev\u0103zut de lege necesit\u0103 ob\u021binerea unei autoriza\u021bii de \u00eenfiin\u021bare<\/strong>, \u00een timp ce proiectele care se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 \u00een excep\u021bia legal\u0103 sunt supuse regimului de notificare aplicabil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Exploatarea comercial\u0103 a capacit\u0103\u021bii de producere este ulterior supus\u0103 cerin\u021belor de licen\u021biere ANRE aplicabile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prin urmare, investitorii ar trebui s\u0103 se asigure c\u0103 demersurile privind terenul, construirea, racordarea la re\u021bea \u0219i autorizarea ANRE<\/a> sunt coordonate<\/strong>, \u00eentruc\u00e2t \u00eent\u00e2rzierile sau modific\u0103rile intervenite \u00eentr-unul dintre aceste procese pot afecta valabilitatea sau calendarul celorlalte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Autorizarea din perspectiva protec\u021biei mediului<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Proiectele de energie regenerabil\u0103 sunt supuse legisla\u021biei rom\u00e2ne \u00een materia protec\u021biei mediului, care implementeaz\u0103 cerin\u021bele relevante ale dreptului Uniunii Europene.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen func\u021bie de amplasamentul, dimensiunea \u0219i caracteristicile proiectului, autoritatea competent\u0103 pentru protec\u021bia mediului poate solicita efectuarea unei evalu\u0103ri a impactului asupra mediului<\/strong>, a unei evalu\u0103ri adecvate \u00een raport cu siturile Natura 2000 \u0219i\/sau a unei evalu\u0103ri a impactului asupra corpurilor de ap\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen func\u021bie de amplasament, pot fi necesare avize \u0219i aprob\u0103ri suplimentare, inclusiv \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu ariile protejate, patrimoniul arheologic, gospod\u0103rirea apelor, avia\u021bia, infrastructura de ap\u0103rare sau sistemele de \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021biri funciare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eventualele constr\u00e2ngeri de mediu ar trebui identificate, \u00een mod ideal, \u00eenc\u0103 din etapa de selectare a amplasamentului \u0219i de due diligence juridic<\/strong>, iar nu dup\u0103 ce au fost deja suportate costuri semnificative pentru dezvoltarea proiectului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. Scheme de sprijin \u0219i aspecte fiscale<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rom\u00e2nia a implementat mai multe mecanisme de sprijin pentru investi\u021biile \u00een energie regenerabil\u0103<\/strong>, inclusiv schema Contractelor pentru Diferen\u021b\u0103 (Contracts for Difference \u2013 CfD)<\/strong> \u0219i oportunit\u0103\u021bi de finan\u021bare disponibile \u00een cadrul programelor europene \u0219i na\u021bionale, inclusiv prin Fondul pentru Modernizare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aceste mecanisme pot \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi \u00een mod semnificativ parametrii economici ai unui proiect, \u00eens\u0103 eligibilitatea \u0219i acordarea sprijinului sunt supuse regulilor fiec\u0103rei scheme \u0219i nu ar trebui considerate ca fiind disponibile \u00een mod automat pentru toate proiectele de energie regenerabil\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen mod similar, legisla\u021bia rom\u00e2n\u0103 nu prevede o scutire fiscal\u0103 general\u0103 pentru simplul fapt c\u0103 un proiect produce energie din surse regenerabile. Investitorii ar trebui s\u0103 analizeze implica\u021biile fiscale ale structurii concrete a investi\u021biei, inclusiv impozitul pe profit, TVA, taxele \u0219i impozitele locale, precum \u0219i tratamentul fiscal al structurii de achizi\u021bie \u0219i finan\u021bare. Pentru evolu\u021bii recente privind fiscalitatea sectorului energetic, a se vedea \u0219i analiza Adesman & Asocia\u021bii privind Fondul de Tranzi\u021bie Energetic\u0103<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Concluzii esen\u021biale pentru investitorii interna\u021bionali<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Un proiect de energie regenerabil\u0103 din Rom\u00e2nia nu ar trebui evaluat exclusiv prin raportare la terenurile securizate sau la autoriza\u021biile deja ob\u021binute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pentru investitorii care analizeaz\u0103 investi\u021bii \u00een energie regenerabil\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia<\/strong>, \u00eentrebarea esen\u021bial\u0103 este dac\u0103 proiectul dispune de un parcurs de dezvoltare coerent \u0219i bancabil<\/strong>: drepturi opozabile \u0219i adecvate asupra terenurilor, o situa\u021bie viabil\u0103 din perspectiva urbanismului \u0219i a regimului terenurilor agricole, o capacitate de racordare securizat\u0103 sau care poate fi ob\u021binut\u0103 \u00een mod realist, autoriza\u021bii valabile \u00een materia mediului \u0219i construirii, precum \u0219i un parcurs clar c\u0103tre autorizarea ANRE \u0219i exploatarea comercial\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Efectuarea \u00eentr-o etap\u0103 incipient\u0103 a unui due diligence juridic coordonat asupra tuturor acestor aspecte poate permite identificarea riscurilor critice de dezvoltare \u00eenainte de angajarea unui capital semnificativ \u0219i poate contribui \u00een mod substan\u021bial la bancabilitatea proiectului \u0219i la preg\u0103tirea acestuia pentru o eventual\u0103 tranzac\u021bie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00centreb\u0103ri frecvente despre investi\u021biile \u00een energie regenerabil\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Poate un investitor str\u0103in s\u0103 dezvolte sau s\u0103 achizi\u021bioneze un proiect de energie regenerabil\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Da. Investitorii str\u0103ini pot dezvolta sau achizi\u021biona proiecte de energie regenerabil\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, inclusiv proiecte fotovoltaice, eoliene \u0219i de stocare a energiei. \u00cen func\u021bie de structura \u0219i valoarea tranzac\u021biei, de activit\u0103\u021bile societ\u0103\u021bii-\u021bint\u0103 \u0219i de celelalte circumstan\u021be relevante, investi\u021bia poate fi supus\u0103 unor cerin\u021be suplimentare, inclusiv celor privind examinarea investi\u021biilor \u0219i regimul CEISD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Este necesar ca dezvoltatorul unui parc fotovoltaic sau eolian s\u0103 fie proprietarul terenului?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nu. Dezvoltatorul nu trebuie s\u0103 fie, \u00een toate etapele proiectului, proprietarul terenului. Pot fi utilizate \u0219i alte drepturi care permit dezvoltarea \u0219i exploatarea proiectului, \u00een condi\u021biile prev\u0103zute de lege.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Potrivit actualului cadru \u00een materia amenaj\u0103rii teritoriului, urbanismului \u0219i construc\u021biilor, pentru lucr\u0103rile inginere\u0219ti certificatul de urbanism poate fi solicitat \u0219i emis f\u0103r\u0103 ca solicitantul s\u0103 de\u021bin\u0103 un drept real principal asupra terenului. Pentru realizarea lucr\u0103rilor trebuie \u00eens\u0103 securizat dreptul asupra terenului necesar autoriz\u0103rii \u0219i execut\u0103rii proiectului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Se poate construi un parc fotovoltaic pe teren agricol extravilan?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen anumite condi\u021bii, da. Legea nr. 18\/1991 permite amplasarea anumitor capacit\u0103\u021bi de producere a energiei din surse regenerabile \u0219i a infrastructurii aferente pe anumite categorii de terenuri agricole situate \u00een extravilan, cu respectarea condi\u021biilor \u0219i limitelor prev\u0103zute de lege, inclusiv, \u00een regimul relevant, limita de 50 de hectare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen func\u021bie de proiect \u0219i de teren, poate fi necesar\u0103 scoaterea definitiv\u0103 sau temporar\u0103 din circuitul agricol. \u00cen anumite situa\u021bii este permis\u0103 \u0219i utilizarea dual\u0103 a terenului pentru activit\u0103\u021bi agricole \u0219i producerea energiei electrice din surse regenerabile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce este ATR-ul \u0219i de ce este important pentru un proiect de energie regenerabil\u0103?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

ATR-ul \u2013 Avizul Tehnic de Racordare \u2013 stabile\u0219te condi\u021biile tehnice \u00een care proiectul poate fi racordat la re\u021beaua electric\u0103 de interes public.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pentru un investitor, simpla existen\u021b\u0103 a unui ATR nu este suficient\u0103 pentru evaluarea situa\u021biei racord\u0103rii. Analiza poate include, printre altele, valabilitatea ATR-ului, puterea aprobat\u0103, punctul de racordare, eventualele lucr\u0103ri de \u00eent\u0103rire a re\u021belei, costurile \u0219i garan\u021biile asociate, precum \u0219i termenele \u0219i obliga\u021biile care trebuie respectate pentru implementarea racord\u0103rii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cum se aloc\u0103 \u00een 2026 capacitatea re\u021belei pentru proiectele de minimum 5 MW?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pentru proiectele care intr\u0103 \u00een domeniul de aplicare al metodologiei aprobate prin Ordinul ANRE nr. 53\/2024, capacitatea disponibil\u0103 a re\u021belei este alocat\u0103 prin mecanismul concuren\u021bial aplicabil \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu 1 ianuarie 2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen consecin\u021b\u0103, pentru proiectele vizate de acest regim, analiza juridic\u0103 \u0219i investi\u021bional\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 ia \u00een considerare nu numai existen\u021ba infrastructurii de re\u021bea, ci \u0219i accesul efectiv la capacitate, stadiul procedurii de alocare, costurile \u0219i garan\u021biile aferente, precum \u0219i termenele aplicabile proiectului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Este suficient ca un proiect s\u0103 aib\u0103 ATR pentru a fi considerat \u201eready-to-build\u201d?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nu \u00een mod necesar. \u201eReady-to-build\u201d nu reprezint\u0103, prin el \u00eensu\u0219i, o garan\u021bie c\u0103 toate condi\u021biile juridice, tehnice \u0219i administrative necesare \u00eenceperii construc\u021biei sunt \u00eendeplinite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen cadrul unui due diligence trebuie verificat\u0103 situa\u021bia concret\u0103 a proiectului, inclusiv drepturile asupra terenurilor, urbanismul, autoriza\u021bia de construire, situa\u021bia racord\u0103rii \u0219i a capacit\u0103\u021bii de re\u021bea, autoriza\u021biile de mediu, autorizarea ANRE \u0219i eventualele condi\u021bii, termene sau obliga\u021bii \u00eenc\u0103 ne\u00eendeplinite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce autoriza\u021bii ANRE sunt necesare pentru un proiect de energie regenerabil\u0103?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Regimul aplicabil depinde de caracteristicile proiectului \u0219i de pragurile prev\u0103zute de legisla\u021bia \u00een vigoare. Legea nr. 123\/2012 reglementeaz\u0103 autoriza\u021bia de \u00eenfiin\u021bare pentru proiectele care dep\u0103\u0219esc pragul legal aplicabil, iar proiectele care beneficiaz\u0103 de excep\u021bia prev\u0103zut\u0103 de lege sunt supuse regimului corespunz\u0103tor de notificare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Exploatarea comercial\u0103 a capacit\u0103\u021bii de producere este, separat, supus\u0103 cerin\u021belor de licen\u021biere ANRE aplicabile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce ar trebui verificat \u00eenainte de achizi\u021bia unui proiect de energie regenerabil\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Un due diligence juridic al unui proiect de energie regenerabil\u0103 poate acoperi, \u00een func\u021bie de structura tranzac\u021biei, societatea de proiect \u0219i situa\u021bia corporativ\u0103 a acesteia, drepturile asupra terenurilor, urbanismul \u0219i construirea, racordarea la re\u021bea \u0219i ATR-ul, capacitatea de re\u021bea, autoriza\u021biile ANRE, aspectele de mediu, contractele relevante, finan\u021barea, litigiile \u0219i eventualele cerin\u021be privind examinarea investi\u021biei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen cazul proiectelor aflate \u00eentr-un stadiu avansat de dezvoltare, o aten\u021bie particular\u0103 trebuie acordat\u0103 \u0219i termenelor, milestones-urilor, garan\u021biilor \u0219i condi\u021biilor de care depinde men\u021binerea drepturilor deja ob\u021binute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Acest material are caracter general \u0219i exclusiv informativ \u0219i nu constituie consultan\u021b\u0103 juridic\u0103 cu privire la un anumit proiect sau o anumit\u0103 investi\u021bie. Aplicarea cadrului juridic depinde de caracteristicile fiec\u0103rui proiect \u0219i de legisla\u021bia \u0219i reglement\u0103rile \u00een vigoare la momentul analizei.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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